The effect of tacrolimus (FK506) on intestinal barrier function and cellular energy production in humans

Spirituality Believing in End Stage Diseases Such as; Genito-Urinary Cancers, Multiple Sclerosis, Recipients of Liver, Kidney or Heart Transplantations

“…Within this population spiritual believing could improve heart rate and the ability of immune system to fight against the attack in such conditions. Indeed, God is with the patient with those who have believed, seek help through patience and entreaty [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Spirituality believing by patients could lead to better care.…”

“…Regarding to organ transplantation, the legendary and symbolic uses of the different parts of body in texts and paintings continue a fairly unknown topic. Previous publications reported that organ donation could be described as the manifestation of the love of our neighbor [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. A recent study performed in 5360 deceased confirmed that in order to prevent worse outcome in critically ill patients admitted to hospitals, quality of care need to be upgrading [20].…”

Nephro and neurotoxicity of calcineurin inhibitors and mechanisms of rejections: A review on tacrolimus and cyclosporin in organ transplantation

“…It could be concluded that immunosuppressive monitoring to prevent graft rejection and nephro-neurotoxicity is an invaluable and essential aid in adjusting dosage to ensure adequate immunosuppression. Cyclosporin is extensively metabolised to more than 25 metabolites with cytochrome P450 3A4 iso-enzymes located in liver and small intestine mainly responsible and implicated in several drug interactions (41)(42)(43)(44).…”

Impact of environmental factors on alloimmunity and transplant fate

“…In contrast, changes following administration of mycophenolate mofetil or the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus were more subtle and individual-dependent. Studies in rats and liver transplant patients have associated administration of tacrolimus with increased intestinal permeability in the short term (128,129), which may correct itself at 2-3 years after transplantation (130). Gingival overgrowth is a common complication of treatment with the other calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A and may be due to salivary microbial overgrowth (131), perhaps because of reduced immune-imposed colonization restrictions.…”