The effect of synthesis media on the properties of substituted polyaniline/chitosan composites

Yavuz, Ayşe Gül; Uygun, Ayşegül; Can, Hatıce Kaplan

doi:10.1016/j.carres.2011.06.009

Cited by 34 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The XRD patterns of the PAni-chitosan (Figure 2e) and PAni-chitosan-clay (Figure 2f) show a decrease in the relative intensity of the peak at 2θ = 24.0 o when compared to the other characteristic reflections of the PAni, which can be related to the decrease in the degree of crystallinity of the polymer, i.e., formation of more amorphous structures. 23 The comparison of these results with that found in an earlier work for samples prepared in p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) 37 suggests that the way of interaction between PAni and chitosan depends on the synthesis medium. The analysis of the XRD pattern of the PAni-chitosan prepared in PTSA, shown in reference 37, indicates the formation of a grafted copolymer of PAni and chitosan.…”

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Furthermore, crystallinity and tacticity play a role in evaluating the electrical properties of polymers. 23 The presence of clay decreases the imperfections of the PAni chain and particle agglomeration, making the PAni-clay composite more planar and conjugated, so the electrons can hop easily. In contrast, the presence of chitosan (a non-conductive polymer) in the PAni-chitosan and PAni-chitosan-clay samples decreases the crystallinity degree and also their electrical conductivity.…”

Section: Electrical Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 In order to increase the processability and mechanical properties of PAni, significant efforts have been done in preparation of blends based on PAni with other appropriate polymers that [21][22][23] Recently, in addition of the mixture of PAni with other polymers, it has been sought to improve such properties through the preparation of hybrid organic/inorganic composites by the incorporation of metal oxides (such as WO 3 , NiFe 2 O 4 , TiO 2 and ZnO), 8,24-27 montmorillonite clays, 28 or mesoporous materials such as 29,30 since they combine the advantages of conjugated conducting polymers and these fillers offering special properties arising from the combination of each component. Undertaking this challenge provides an opportunity for developing new materials with synergic behavior leading to improved performance or to new useful properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Electrochromic Properties of Polyaniline-Based Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Materials

Silva¹,

Sarmento²,

Faez³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Hybrid materials based on polyaniline (PAni) were obtained by in situ polymerization of aniline with chitosan and/or organically modified clay (nanomer I-24) in HCl. The samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and direct current (DC) electrical conductivity. Thin films of PAni, PAni-clay, PAni-chitosan and PAni-chitosan-clay were prepared by casting a solution of each sample in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) onto indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass electrodes and their electrochromic properties were investigated. It was observed color variation from transparent yellow in the reduced state (E = −0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl), green in the intermediate state (E = 0.5 V) and dark blue in the oxidized state (E = 0.8 V) for all samples. The color changes of each material in function of the applied potential were tracked using the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) system of colorimetry, in which the color change was much more significant for PAni-clay film.Keywords: conjugated polymer, hybrid material, polyaniline, chitosan, organophilic clay IntroductionConjugated polymers have attracted the attention of academia and industries mainly because of their electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, which make them useful for applications in organic optoelectronic devices. Currently, the development of new hybrid materials based on conjugated polymers have afforded materials with excellent characteristics for application in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), 1,2 organic field effect transistors (OFETs), 3 organic solar cells (OSCs), 4 and electrochromic devices (ECDs). [5][6][7] Electrochromic materials based on conjugated polymers show many interesting properties such as multicolor, fast switching speed, flexibility and easy to optimize their properties through molecular tailoring. 8,9 Among the organic polymeric electrochromic materials, polyaniline (PAni) has been widely studied due to many advantageous properties including high optical contrast (∆%T), environmental stability, easy synthesis, as well as comparatively low cost.8 Furthermore, the high pseudocapacitance arising from the versatile redox reactions and its corresponding color changes make PAni promising candidate for electrochemical capacitors 10,11 and ECDs. 12,13 However, the difficulties in processing of PAni into films due to its very low solubility in most of the available solvents and the relatively poor mechanical properties decrease its performances and utilities in such applications.Despite PAni can be synthesized by chemical 14 or electrochemical 15 polymerization methods described in the literature, PAni films with good mechanical properties and adherence to a surface are not usually achieved from the conventional chemical methods of synthesis, which yield PAni as an insoluble and infusible bulky powder. 16 In order to increase the processability and mechanical properties of PAni, significant efforts have been done in preparation of blends based on PA...

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Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Electrical Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Electrochromic Properties of Polyaniline-Based Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Materials

Silva¹,

Sarmento²,

Faez³

et al. 2016

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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show abstract

“…Nevertheless, in many cases the desired functional group is either too hard to oxidize using common oxidative reagents or too sensitive to oxidative or acidic environments. Many different synthetic approaches have been described to synthesize substituted PANI [12][13][14]. Many ring substituted PANI and N-substituted PANI have been reported [15][16][17][18], but no report was made on the successful preparation of N-alkyl amine substituted PANI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Functionalized Propylaminepolyanilines and Investigation of Their Properties

Tarassi

Zadehnazari

2016

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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In present investigation, N-substituted propylaminepolyaniline (N-PAPANI) was prepared by reaction of dimethylsulfoxide solution of polyaniline (emeraldine) base with sodium hydride, then reacted with 3-chloropropylaminehydrochloride. The N-PAPANI was characterized using reflectance Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis spectroscopy and chemical analysis. Polyaniline (PANI) was also subjected to a reaction with 3-chloropropylaminehydrochloride and ferric chloride in acetonitrile as solvent under refluxing temperature (85-90 ºC) (Friedel-Craft synthetic method) to produce ring substituted functionalized PAPANI. Characterization of PAPANI was carried out using various aforementioned techniques. PANI and N-PAPANI polymers exhibited strong UV-vis absorption maxima at 273-294 nm in solution. Cyclic voltammograms of the polymers on an indium-tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate exhibited one pair of reversible redox couples at half-wave oxidation potentials (E 1/2 ) around 0.84-0.86 V and 0.88 V, respectively, versus Ag/AgCl in an acetonitrile solution. The obtained polymers showed good solubility in common organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and chloroform compared with emeraldine which is difficult to process due to lack of solubility. Furthermore, these polymers are air stable.

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“…It has been reported that chitosan has an excellent property of immobilization and protection of the bio-sensing elements, such as for DNA probes [17,18] and tonic metal ions [19] and, thus, can be used for monitoring cancer-susceptible genes and metal ions. Even though chitosan is a non-conductive biomaterial it can, however, be modified or doped into conducting polymers, such as polyaniline [20,21] and polypyrrole [19,22], and these conducting polymer/chitosan coatings can be used for electrochemical sensing detections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymerization of PEDOT/PSS/Chitosan-Coated Electrodes for Electrochemical Bio-Sensing

et al. 2017

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Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with poly (styrene sulfonate) (PSS) has a variety of chemical and biomedical applications. Additionally, chitosan has been extensively used in industrial and medical fields. However, whether chitosan could be incorporated into conducting polymers of PEDOT/PSS is not clear. In this study, the PEDOT/PSS/chitosan coatings were electrochemically polymerized on the surface of 0.5 mm platinum (Pt) electrodes and the properties of electrochemical cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the PEDOT/PSS/chitosan-coated electrodes were investigated. Furthermore, PEDOT/PSS/chitosan-coated electrodes used for electrochemical bio-sensing, using dexamethasone (Dex) as a model bio-sensing material, were examined.The results demonstrated that PEDOT/PSS/chitosan-coated electrodes were stable in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. The electrochemical CV curve areas, reflecting the charge delivery capacity, and the EIS of the PEDOT/PSS/chitosan-coated electrodes were sensitive to Dex, and the good linearity can be obtained between CV curve areas, the EIS and the concentration of Dex. In addition, electrochemical sensitivity of the PEDOT/PSS/chitosan-coated electrodes to Dex was much higher than ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy detection. All these results revealed that the PEDOT/PSS/chitosan-coated electrodes can be electrochemical polymerized and used for electrochemical bio-sensing.

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The effect of synthesis media on the properties of substituted polyaniline/chitosan composites

Cited by 34 publications

References 30 publications

Electrochromic Properties of Polyaniline-Based Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Materials

Electrochromic Properties of Polyaniline-Based Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Materials

Synthesis of Functionalized Propylaminepolyanilines and Investigation of Their Properties

Polymerization of PEDOT/PSS/Chitosan-Coated Electrodes for Electrochemical Bio-Sensing

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