The effect of syndepositional deformation within the Upper Permian Capitan Platform on the speleogenesis and geomorphology of the Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico, USA

Koša, Eduard; Hunt, David

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.038

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This means that in former case gravity-driven faults may form additional pathways for geofluids and play an important role in fault-related diagenesis of the rock due to their higher connectivity with tectonic faults. As shown by previous authors, syndepositional faults formed within the platform and its margin can be responsible for a significant diagenetic alteration and determine resultant hydraulic properties of a carbonate reservoir (Dewit et al, 2012;Hollis & Juerges., 2011;Hunt et al, 2002;Kosa & Hunt., 2006;Simon, 2014).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing tectonically-and gravity-driven synsedimentary deformation structures along the Apulian platform margin (Gargano Promontory, southern Italy)

Korneva

Tondi

Jablonskà

et al. 2016

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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The assessment of deformation types within the slope of a carbonate platform can be complicated by the\ud possible interaction of rooted (tectonically-induced) and superficial (gravity-driven) structures. An ideal\ud case study to document and distinguish tectonically- and gravity-driven structures is provided by the\ud Cretaceous slope-to-basin carbonates exposed in the Gargano Promontory, southern Italy. These carbonates\ud formed adjacent to the Apulian platform margin, which was oriented approximately NEeSW to\ud NWeSE along the southern and northern edges of the promontory, respectively. Slump-related folds are\ud characterised by axial planes typically oriented either sub-parallel or at small angles to the strike of the\ud inferred paleoslope. In fact, the strike of folds is roughly NEeSW in the southern portion of the study\ud area, whereas it is NWeSE in the northern part. Correspondingly, gravity-driven normal and reverse\ud faults strike sub-parallel and at acute angles to the adjacent Apulian paleoslope. Cretaceous tectonic\ud faults in the slope-to-basin carbonates form two principal sets striking NWeSE and WNW-ESE. The\ud former set is made up of normal faults and the latter one includes mainly oblique-slip normal faults.\ud Neither normal nor oblique-slip normal faults show any relationship with the geometry of the paleoslope.\ud The results obtained from this study may help the interpretation of subsurface data in those\ud geological contexts in which the interplay of gravitational and tectonic processes is responsible for\ud deformation

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinguishing tectonically-and gravity-driven synsedimentary deformation structures along the Apulian platform margin (Gargano Promontory, southern Italy)

Korneva

Tondi

Jablonskà

et al. 2016

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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“…Tinker et al (2000) and Tinker et al (2004) also discussed a Pennsylvanian shelf margin in which early structural features controlled sedimentation patterns, and the same features were subsequently conduits for dolomitizing hydrothermal fluids. Reactivations of syndepositional deformation features in an ancient carbonate platform have also been shown to influence drainage patterns on a modern landscape (Koša and Hunt 2006b) and localize younger karst bodies (Hurley 1986;Playford 2002). Since the scope of syndepositional deformation on carbonate platforms is only now being appreciated, further structural and diagenetic analyses such as the one presented here are required to fully appreciate the potential diagenetic impacts of reactivation.…”

Section: J S Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syndepositional Deformation Features In High-Relief Carbonate Platforms: Long-Lived Conduits for Diagenetic Fluids

Budd¹,

Frost²,

Huntington³

et al. 2013

Journal of Sedimentary Research

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Syndepositional faults and fractures are known to affect early fluid flow in carbonate platforms. Less clear is whether they are active fluid conduits throughout the entire history of the platform strata. Syndeformational fractures in Permian (late Guadalupian) carbonates exposed in Dark Canyon, Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico, U.S.A., address this question. Transmitted-light and cathodoluminescent petrography, stable-isotope and fluid-inclusion analyses, and clumpedisotope thermometry show that there were multiple episodes of fracturing, dissolution, cementation, and replacement in the fractures. Dolomite cement or dolomitized marine cements line the walls of some fractures and indicate the syndepositional reflux of evaporated Permian seawaters through the fractures. Fine-to medium-crystalline, luminescently zoned calcite may overlie the dolomite and marine cements, line fracture walls where those phases are absent, or cement karst breccia on fracture walls. The d 18 O values of this calcite (28.8 to 214.0% VPDB) and clumped-isotope temperatures (16u to 32uC) indicate precipitation from meteoric fluids (d 18 O SMOW of 26.2 to 210.5%) associated with episodic sea-level lowstands during the development of high-frequency depositional sequences. The early calcites can themselves be fractured, rotated, and recemented, indicating recurrent deformation and meteoric influx. Evaporite cements were once the dominant pore-filling phase in the fractures, forming both before and after the early meteoric cements. The earliest evaporites formed during deposition of Tansill limestone, probably from the same brines that formed dolomites. Evaporites that postdate the early calcite probably did not form until Permo-Triassic burial, when geomechanical analysis indicates that the syndepositional fractures were likely reactivated and brines could have been sourced from overlying bedded evaporite. All evaporite cements subsequently were calcitized, mainly by coarse-crystalline, inclusionrich calcites that formed from warm (59u to 96uC) fluids. Calculated fluid isotopic compositions (d 18 O SMOW of 20.5 to 24.7%) imply mixing of meteoric and oilfield brines. Carbon isotope values (+2 to 217%) indicate microbial degradation of hydrocarbons in some of those fluids, but not all. Geomechanical analysis indicates the potential for syndepositional fractures to have failed (reactivated) during Basin and Range extension, and the warm basinal fluids are interpreted to have migrated upward through the fractures during that event. Platform-margin fractures (unassociated with faults) witnessed cooler fluids (59u to 65uC) than outer-shelf fractures (70u to 96uC) because outer-shelf faults tapped waters from greater depths. The most recent fluid flow through the fractures generated dissolution features and laminated speleogenetic calcites, which are interpreted to result from intrastratal karsting associated with exhumation and weathering. Diagenetic features in the syndepositional fractures are equivalent to those observed in the adjacent limestone...

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“…Primary exhumation occurred around 30 to 20Ma (Gao et al, 2004) during Laramide orogenic events, followed by a secondary phase of uplift and extension between 11.3 to 3Ma (DuChene and Cunningham, 2006). The secondary phases correlate with high-angle Basin and Range normal faulting (Ward, 1991), sedimentation of the Ogallala formation (Hawley 1993), and vertical incision of rivers and caves that currently shape the Guadalupe Mountains (Kosa and Hunt, 2006). Other studies that examine large karstic features within these mountains have found that argon ages in alunite speleothem deposits suggest water elevations may have decreased due to Gao et al, 2004).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…regional tilting, uplift, and secondary fault rejuvenation around 11.3 Ma., 6.0 to 5.7 Ma., and 4.0 to 3.9 Ma. (Polyak et al, 1998;Kosa and Hunt 2006).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While some studies have delineated the complex Oligocene-Miocene tectonic history of these mountains through speleological research in karst-cave networks near Carlsbad, NM (DuChene and Cunningham, 2006;Kosa and Hunt, 2006), more recent Pliocene to Holocene aged tectonic processes remain poorly constrained. However, newer research suggests that studies focusing on the geomorphology of large (>1 km 2 ) mountainous catchments could offer greater resolution to recent tectonic or climatic events in this region (Wobus et al, 2006;Ritter et al, 2011;Ellis et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating Relationships Between Rock Strength And Longitudinal Stream Profile Morphometry In The Southern Guadalupe Mountains, Texas

Schoenmann¹

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The effect of syndepositional deformation within the Upper Permian Capitan Platform on the speleogenesis and geomorphology of the Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico, USA

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Distinguishing tectonically-and gravity-driven synsedimentary deformation structures along the Apulian platform margin (Gargano Promontory, southern Italy)

Distinguishing tectonically-and gravity-driven synsedimentary deformation structures along the Apulian platform margin (Gargano Promontory, southern Italy)

Syndepositional Deformation Features In High-Relief Carbonate Platforms: Long-Lived Conduits for Diagenetic Fluids

Evaluating Relationships Between Rock Strength And Longitudinal Stream Profile Morphometry In The Southern Guadalupe Mountains, Texas

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