The Effect of Sulfapyridine Upon the Development of Immunity to Pneumococcus in Rabbits

Curnen, Edward C.; MacLeod, Colin M.

doi:10.1084/jem.75.1.77

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Indeed, as little as 6 X 10 ~ plaque-forming phage (approximately 10 -s #g. protein) sufficed to stimulate detectable antibody formation in 3 of 10 animals. There are several reports in the literature of similarly early antibody formation following a first administration of antigen (19)(20)(21), however, the specificity (immune nature) of the early response and/or the absence of previous antigenic stimulation was usually not satisfactorily established. Of particular interest to our studies is a statement of Jerne (22) that a second dose of T~ bacteriophage is more rapidly removed from the circulation of rabbits if a first injection had been given at least 48 hours previously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Formation

Uhr

Finkelstein

Baumann

1962

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

121

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Quantitative studies of antibody formation in experimental animals have been facilitated by the use of labeled proteins (1, 2). After equilibration following intravenous injection, labeled antigen is eliminated from the circulation in two exponential phases: the first and slower rate is due to non-immune catabolism; the second and rapid decline is caused by the production and release into the circulation of specific antibody (3, 4).In this study, guinea pigs have been injected with relatively minute amounts of a small bacteriophage, 4~X 174, which has been traced in the circulation utilizing the plaque-forming capacity of the virus. With this method it has been possible to detect an immune elimination as early as 24 hours after injection. The early detection of antibody was facilitated by the small amounts of antigen employed. It has also been shown that there is a close resemblance between the kinetics of the primary and secondary antibody response to this bacteriophage. Materials and MethodsPhage.--Str~J.us of ~bX 174 and T2 were kindly supplied to us by Dr. E. Lennox. ~bX was grown in Escherickia coli strain C in glycerol-easamino acid medium (5). The lysed culture was centrifuged at low speed to remove cell debris. Purification was then accomplished by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, passage through a DEAE cellulose anion exchange column, and elution with 0.1 M ammonium acetate (6). This purified stock containing 10 n plaque-forming particles per ml was kept at 4°C in ammonium acetate buffer pH 7.4 conraining 0.01 per cent gelatin. Dilutions of this stock were used for almost all the immunization experiments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Formation

Uhr

Finkelstein

Baumann

1962

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

121

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“…(Received for publication August 3, 1942) As a result of qualitative and relative tests (1,2), it is generally agreed that rapid termination of lobar pneumonia in man by means of drugs of the sulfanilamide group does not prevent development of the immune response long recognized as characteristic of spontaneous recovery from the disease and evidenced by the formation of type-specific anticarbohydrate. Nothing is known, however, of the magnitude of this immune response in absolute terms, beyond a single report of 0.15 mgm.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Immune Response of Human Beings to Brief Infections With Pneumococcus 1

Heidelberger¹,

Anderson²

1944

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The early development of circulating antibodies and active 'resistance was not influenced by the administration of sulfonamide (11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…of pneumococcal infections in both man (1-8) and animals (9)(10)(11)(12)(13) have shown that the development of specific antibodies is not affected by early therapy with sulfonamide drugs. In contrast, early penicillin therapy of rabbits and mice (14) and of rats (15) Twenty-nine patients received initial penicillin doses of from 20,000 to 50,000 units intramuscularly; 12 patients were given 100,000 units, and three patients 300,000 units.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of pneumococcal infections in both man (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) and animals (9)(10)(11)(12)(13) have shown that the development of specific antibodies is not affected by early therapy with sulfonamide drugs. In contrast, early penicillin therapy of rabbits and mice (14) and of rats (15) infected with pneumococci has been observed to suppress or decrease the antibody response of these animals.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Immunological Studies of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Patients Treated With Penicillin 1

Jordan¹,

Badger²,

Dingle³

1950

J. Clin. Invest.

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Immunological studies. of pneumococcal infections in both man (1-8) and animals (9)(10)(11)(12)(13) have shown that the development of specific antibodies is not affected by early therapy with sulfonamide drugs. In contrast, early penicillin therapy of rabbits and mice (14) and of rats (15) Twenty-nine patients received initial penicillin doses of from 20,000 to 50,000 units intramuscularly; 12 patients were given 100,000 units, and three patients 300,000 units. Subsequent dosage in 33 cases ranged from 20,000 to 50,000 units every two to three hours. Four patients received 100,000 units every eight hours; six patients received 100,000 units every 12 hours. One patient was treated with 300,000 units of procaine penicillin once a day. Duration of treatment varied from five to 27 days, and total dosage ranged from 1 million to 10 million units.Agglutination tests were done using a 0. Mouse protection tests were performed us'ng strains of pneumococci maintained by daily mouse passage. Mouse virulent strains 2 were available for all types except type 33. For each test, the heart's blood of a mouse, inoculated five hours previously with the specific type of pneumococci, was transferred in blood broth and the resulting culture incubated for 18 hours. The serum was diluted in 0.85 per cent NaCl solution so that 0.1 ml. was contained in 0.5 ml. Decimal dilutions of the pneumococcal culture were injected intrap-ritoneally in 0.5 ml. amounts; immediately thereafter 0.5 ml. of the serum dilution was administered by the same route. Five mice were used for each dilution, and at least four consecutive decimal dilutions of organisms were used in testing each serum. In the event that an end-point was not reached, all sera from that patient were retested. A control titration was performed with each test, employing broth in place of serum, and a 50 per cent lethal dose (LD50) was arbitrarily selected as the end-point, for comparison with the serum titrations. The titer was considered to be the degree of protection, expressed in terms of LD50, conferred by 0

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The Effect of Sulfapyridine Upon the Development of Immunity to Pneumococcus in Rabbits

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Antibody Formation

Antibody Formation

The Immune Response of Human Beings to Brief Infections With Pneumococcus 1

Immunological Studies of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Patients Treated With Penicillin 1

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