The effect of subclinical hypothyroidism on body composition parameters in children

Gunes, Sevinc Odabasi; Ergür, Ayça Törel; Kilinç, Fatma Nişanci

doi:10.1111/ijcp.13554

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In addition, hypothyroid subjects showed increased head circumference, zygomatic width, nasal base width, intercommissural distance, cranial base length, and maxillary and mandibular length. These findings accord with those reported by Gunes et al ( 2020 ), which suggest that hypothyroid individuals could present early changes in body composition parameters. In contrast, our results diverge from those of Vucic et al ( 2017 ), who reported an association between hypothyroidism and decreased maxillary and mandibular growth, which could result in teeth impaction or delayed tooth eruption (Wassner 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Some studies also indicate a relationship between overweight/obesity and bone growth stimulation (Dimitri 2019 ; Zhu 2017 ). Our findings on craniofacial growth at peak growth in patients with overweight/obesity are in agreement with other investigations, which reported a more sagittal position of pogonion, leading to prognathism (Danze et al 2020 ), an increased longitudinal facial length (Cuccia et al 2007 ), and early eruption in both dentitions (Sánchez et al 2010 ). Finally, zygomatic width was significantly smaller in non-syndromic hypogrowth patients than in healthy subjects, which aligns with the findings from Attanasio and Shalet ( 2007 ) and Oliveira-Neto et al ( 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Moreover, head circumference and interlabial-menton circumference in girls with medicated hypothyroidism were significantly lower than in healthy women, while no differences were observed in males. In contrast, overweight and obese patients showed significantly increased measurements than controls, indicating that the peak growth in these individuals obese patients occurs earlier, as has been shown previously (Danze et al 2020 ). Finally, girls with non-syndromic hypogrowth presented significantly decreased head circumference, while boys showed a decreased zygomatic (facial) width.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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Effects of endocrine disorders on maxillary and mandibular growth in Colombian children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Alfaro,

Manrique,

Santamaría

et al. 2023

Eur Arch Paediatr Dent

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Objective To establish the influence of overweight/obesity, medicated hypothyroidism, and medicated non-syndromic hypogrowth on maxillary and mandibular growth. Materials and methods The relation between 10 craniofacial anthropometric measurements and hypothyroidism (n = 216), overweight/obesity (n = 108), and non-syndromic hypogrowth (n = 250) were evaluated in patients aged 1–19 years and a control group of healthy patients (n = 587). A subgroup analysis was performed at the peak growth in all groups. Results Patients with overweight/obesity and hypothyroidism showed increased craniofacial growth, while hypogrowth patients showed differences in zygomatic width and nasal base growth. Females with hypothyroidism and non-syndromic hypogrowth showed decreased head circumference at peak growth. Several anthropometric measurements were increased in patients with overweight/obesity, including head circumference. When all age groups were analyzed, overweight/obese and hypothyroidism patients showed increased zygomatic width while decreased hypogrowth. Overall, most craniofacial anthropometric measurements in overweight/obese patients were increased. Finally, the peak growth in males with hypothyroidism and subjects with non-syndromic hypogrowth was delayed compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions Children and adolescents with overweight/obesity and endocrine disorders showed alterations in craniofacial growth. Clinicians must be aware that the growth peak in these patients may be delayed when planning maxillary and mandibular orthopedic treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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Effects of endocrine disorders on maxillary and mandibular growth in Colombian children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Alfaro,

Manrique,

Santamaría

et al. 2023

Eur Arch Paediatr Dent

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“…Body composition is usually evaluated by using BIA (bioelectric impedance analysis), which calculates total body water (TBW) and fat-free body mass (FFM) without causing any fluid or electrolyte abnormalities [26,27]. Hypothyroidism is characterized by an increase in body fat, besides a relatively unaffected lean body mass component [28].…”

Section: Thyroid Function and Body Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid disfunction and obesity - what comes first? A complex relationship between hypothyroidism and weight gain

Gajdzińska,

Salwa,

Rostkowska

et al. 2024

J Educ Health Sport

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Introduction: Obesity and mild thyroid failure are common diseases, and the complex relationship between thyroid function and excess weight gain is still being researched. This study analyzes and summarizes the current scientific reports on the intricate correlation between thyroid dysfunction and obesity. Material and methods: We have gathered the available materials and scientific reports, analyzing and summarizing them in a single study. Aim of study: We aimed to summarize the studies conducted so far by analyzing the available scientific reports to answer the question of ‘what comes first’ and to understand the correlation between thyroid dysfunction and excessive weight gain. Discussion: Thyroid dysfunction in the form of hypothyroidism is associated with metabolic abnormalities, which may play a crucial role in the development of metabolic syndrome. On the other hand, excess level of leptin associated with excess adipose tissue is a potential cause of disruptions in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, manifested as elevated TSH levels. Therefore, it is worth considering certain aspects regarding the inclusion of hormone replacement therapy in obese patients presenting laboratory features of subclinical hypothyroidism. Conclusion. Obesity-induced thyroid dysfunction is typically reversible with weight loss and hormone replacement therapy should be considered for obese patients with subclinical hypothyroidism only if thyroid antibodies are present to confirm an autoimmune thyroid disorder.

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Metabolic Systemic Effects Triiodothyronine

Трошина

Сенюшкина

2020

Arhivʺ vnutrennej mediciny

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Triiodothyronine (T3, 3,5,3’-L-triiodothyronine) is a thyroid hormone (thyroid), the secretion of which is carried out directly both by the gland (to a lesser extent) and outside it (the main amount; as a result of peripheral deiodination of thyroxine (T4)). Getting into the nuclei of cells, T3 interacts with specific nuclear receptors of target tissues, which determines its biological activity. This interaction leads to the activation of transcription of a number of genes.In the pituitary gland and peripheral tissues, the action of thyroid hormones is modulated by local deiodinases, which convert T4 to more active T3, the molecular effects of which in individual tissues depend on subtypes of T3 receptors and their interaction with other ligands, coactivators and corepressors, as well as on the activation or repression of specific genes.The reason for the lack of T3 production is primarily a deficiency of iodine in the diet, less often, a defect in the genes encoding the proteins that are involved in T3 biosynthesis. As a result of the low intake of iodide in the body, the so-called adaptive mechanism is activated, which consists in increasing the proportion of synthesized T3, which increases the metabolic efficiency of thyroid homones. With a deficiency in the diet of such a trace element as selenium, the conversion of T4 to T3 is reduced.Thyroid hormones play a vital role in the regulation of homeostasis and the metabolic rate of cells and tissues of humans and mammals. They are necessary for physical and mental development. Their insufficient production at the stage of formation of the internal organs of the fetus and in childhood can lead to various pathologies, primarily to pathology of the central nervous system, and as a result, growth retardation and mental retardation. In adulthood, hypothyroidism leads to a decrease in metabolism, memory impairment, depressive disorders, impaired fertility. Many discussions and ambiguous conclusions have been obtained regarding combination drugs (sodium levothyroxine + lyothironon) for the treatment of hypothyroidism. This article will examine the metabolic effects of T3, the thyroid hormone with the highest activity.

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The effect of subclinical hypothyroidism on body composition parameters in children

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of endocrine disorders on maxillary and mandibular growth in Colombian children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Effects of endocrine disorders on maxillary and mandibular growth in Colombian children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Thyroid disfunction and obesity - what comes first? A complex relationship between hypothyroidism and weight gain

Metabolic Systemic Effects Triiodothyronine

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