The effect of stem and root-plate defects on the tree response during static loading—Numerical analysis

Vojáčková, Barbora; Tippner, Jan; Horáček, Petr; Sebera, Václav; Praus, Luděk; Mařík, Robert; Brabec, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127002

Cited by 13 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…So, a simple five-minute experiment sufficed to reveal another curve than their published GTC: First, 0.25 was multiplied by 2.5, giving 0.625. This value is also, coincidentally, the angle at which 100% of M crit is reached in [15] who also support the pulling tests. And again, this looked geometrically too good.…”

Section: Uprootingsupporting

confidence: 78%

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An open letter on the “generalised tipping curve” of the SIM pulling tests, the “dynamic” SIM wind load analysis and VTA

Sterken¹

2022

Preprint

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Current methods such as the Visual Tree Assessment (VTA) of Mattheck and the pulling tests of Wessolly (SIM) and others will be analysed here. A number of authors have asserted since 1998 that their “generalised tipping curve” (GTC) would predict the uprooting of trees by extrapolating small values of stembase tilt angle under a static pull, and that 100% of the maximum or critical uprooting moment (Mcrit) would be reached at 2.5º. However, evidence elucidated from literature and pulling tests strongly suggest that a very different tipping curve (similar to a curve published in 1965 by a comparatively unknown researcher) has been used instead for the pulling tests, where 1º = 100% Mcrit. That curve will be called the SIM curve herein. A number of related researchers report contradictory findings, by showing either uprooted trees that had obeyed the GTC (0.25º) or trees that had perfectly obeyed the SIM curve (1º) which is confusing. This paper also analyses highly-cited and influential proclamations regarding the GTC and the “dynamic” versus “quasi-static” WLA, that may have, quite simply, sprouted from unconscious research bias.

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Section: Uprootingsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Nevertheless, these same authors unwillingly also helped to reveal the real and unpublished SIM curve as used in 2003-2004 as will be explained further. And related authors [15] also publish an entirely different uprooting curve.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An open letter on the “generalised tipping curve” of the SIM pulling tests, the “dynamic” SIM wind load analysis and VTA

Sterken¹

2022

Preprint

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“…Plants 2021, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 14 trees [29]. These numerical strain and stress analyses of tree stem and branches under applied load [13,30] should be confirmed by experimental tests. The submitted article presents the structural analysis of a single tree, where a complex process was used.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Another numerical analysis [ 30 ] was provided on the tree species Aesculus hippocastanum L., where authors measured data for validation of the FE model regarding tree response. The standard pulling test using elasto-inclino measurement was supplemented by optical measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Static Behavior of a Single Tree on a Finite Element Model

Moravčík

Vincúr

Rózová

2021

Plants

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This work deals with the innovated complex process of tree risk assessment, from precise geometrical tree shape acquisition to building and analyzing a finite element model under specified load. The acquisition of the 3D geometry of the tree was performed by means of terrestrial laser scanning. Obtained point cloud was optimized and additionally converted to a 3D CAD model, representing the bearing skeleton compound of trunk and main branches. For structural analysis purposes, a finite element model (FEM) was built in the form of beam structure fixed to the ground. Particular beams were defined by geometry, material properties of wood, and cross sections. An acoustic tomography was applied for determination of the precise cross section on investigated locations of an analysis model. Finite element analysis performed on the computational model shows the bearing capacity and deformations of the whole tree structure caused by combinations of load cases like self-weight and static equivalent of wind load. The results of the structural analysis called attention to potentially dangerous places within the tree structure with extreme node displacements or tensile stresses on beams. Thus, we observed a maximal horizontal displacement of 280.4 mm in node N34 and dangerous tensile stress in node N26, where it reaches +23.6 MPa. After filtering some beams with an abnormal cross section geometry, the finite element analysis of the whole tree structure showed the highest tensile stress of +8.8 MPa and highest compressive stress of −8.9 MPa. The suggested method can be applied generally for the prediction of potentially risky tree suspected of breakage and especially for monumental trees, where the presented method can be mostly applicable.

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A computationally-efficient finite-element model for solving root–soil mechanical interaction of complex root system architectures

ZHU,

Kwan LEUNG,

WANG

2024

Computers and Geotechnics

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The effect of stem and root-plate defects on the tree response during static loading—Numerical analysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

An open letter on the “generalised tipping curve” of the SIM pulling tests, the “dynamic” SIM wind load analysis and VTA

An open letter on the “generalised tipping curve” of the SIM pulling tests, the “dynamic” SIM wind load analysis and VTA

Analysis of the Static Behavior of a Single Tree on a Finite Element Model

A computationally-efficient finite-element model for solving root–soil mechanical interaction of complex root system architectures

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