The Effect of Spectral Quality on Daily Patterns of Gas Exchange, Biomass Gain, and Water-Use-Efficiency in Tomatoes and Lisianthus: An Assessment of Whole Plant Measurements

Lanoue, Jason; Leonardos, Evangelos D.; Ma, Xujun; Grodzinski, Bernard

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.01076

Cited by 37 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Consequently, it appears that in the plants grown under B LEDs, leaf morphology ( Figure 1A), chlorophyll content (Figure 1(B2)), and palisade mesophyll cell size ( Figure 4B) resulted in better photosynthetic functioning in response to low light conditions compared with the plants grown under R and W LEDs. The current observation is supported by a recent report by Lanoue et al [54], who stated that low light intensity under monochromatic LED lights results in photosynthesis, but there was no significant difference among the treatments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Response of Eustoma Leaf Phenotype and Photosynthetic Performance to LED Light Quality

2017

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Abstract:In a controlled environment, light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has been associated with affecting the leaf characteristics of Eustoma. LEDs help plant growth and development, yet little is known about photosynthetic performance and related anatomical features in the early growth stage of Eustoma leaves. In this study, we examined the effects of blue (B), red (R), and white (W) LEDs on the photosynthetic performance of Eustoma leaves, as well as leaf morphology and anatomy including epidermal layer thickness, palisade cells, and stomatal characteristics. Leaves grown under B LEDs were thicker and had a higher chlorophyll content than those grown under the R and W LEDs. Leaves under B LEDs had greater net photosynthetic rates (A), stomatal conductance (g s ), and transpiration rates (E), especially at a higher photon flux density (PPFD), that resulted in a decrease in the intercellular CO 2 concentration (C i ), than leaves under the W and R LEDs. B LEDs resulted in greater abaxial epidermal layer thickness and palisade cell length and width than the R and W LED treatments. The palisade cells also developed a more cylindrical shape in response to the B LEDs. B LED leaves also showed greater guard cell length, breadth, and area, and stomatal density, than W or R LEDs, which may contribute to increased A, g s and E at higher PPFDs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Response of Eustoma Leaf Phenotype and Photosynthetic Performance to LED Light Quality

2017

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“…A specific advantage of LEDs is their ability to generate wavelength specific lighting. Plants of all species have been observed to have different responses in morphology, primary gas exchanges, and gene expression to illumination with varying wavelengths [ 11 – 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whole plant gas exchange analysis allows for a non-destructive estimation of daily growth patterns and water loss [ 15 – 17 ]. The use of whole plant gas exchange systems provides additional information regarding leaf age and light interception within a plant canopy which is often not apparent during leaf analysis [ 15 – 19 ]. Accounting for differences in plant and leaf morphology is especially important when trying to compare plants which were grown under different conditions known to alter plant architecture, such as light quality and CO 2 concentration [ 13 , 20 – 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of elevated CO2 and spectral quality on whole plant gas exchange patterns in tomatoes

et al. 2018

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In controlled environment plant production facilities, elevating either light or CO2 levels generally has led to increased biomass and yield due to enhanced canopy photosynthesis. Today, advancements in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have made this technology a viable option for both supplementary lighting in greenhouses and a sole lighting source in controlled environment chambers. Our study used tomato plants grown under both ambient CO2 (AC) and elevated CO2 (EC) conditions then exposed them to various CO2 and lighting treatments during both whole plant and leaf level measurements. Plants grown under EC reached the first flower developmental stage 8 days sooner and were approximately 15cm taller than those grown under AC. However, under AC plants had more leaf area while their dry weights were similar. Of note, under EC chlorophyll a and b were lower, as were carotenoids per unit leaf area. Whole plant analyses, under all CO2 challenges, showed that plants exposed to high-pressure sodium (HPS), red-blue LED, and red-white LED had similar photosynthesis, respiration, and daily carbon gain. Under different light qualities, day-time transpiration rates were similar among CO2 conditions. Day-time water-use efficiency (WUE) was higher in plants grown and exposed to EC. Similarly, WUE of plants grown under AC but exposed to short-term elevated CO2 conditions was higher than those grown and tested under AC during all light treatments. Under all CO2 conditions, plants exposed to red-white and red-blue LEDs had lower WUE than those exposed to HPS lighting. Assessing alterations due to CO2 and light quality on a whole plant basis, not merely on an individual leaf basis, furthers our understanding of the interactions between these two parameters during controlled environment production. Principle component analyses of both whole plant and leaf data indicates that increasing CO2 supply has a more dramatic effect on photosynthesis and WUE than on transpiration.

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“…Therefore, a significantly lower value of DQI under no supplemental lighting (Con) suggested any supplemental lighting greatly upgraded the quality of plus seedlings of A. membranaceus and C. lanceolata. Similarly, Lanoue et al [49] reported that the biomass production of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinners) were increased by all the supplemental light conditions than in the control.…”

Section: Growth Development and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 91%

Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Combined with Supplemental Light Improve Growth and Quality of Plug Seedlings of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge and Codonopsis lanceolata Benth. et Hook. f.

Ren

Jeong

2019

Agronomy

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Astragalus membranaceus Bunge and Codonopsis lanceolata Benth. et Hook. f. are two medicinal species used to remedy inflammation, tumor, and obesity in Eastern medicine. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and supplemental lighting are two methods to enhance the growth, yield, and quality of crops. However, few studies have focused on the synergistic effects of CO2 and the supplemental light source on plug seedlings of medicinal species. In this study, uniform seedlings were grown with no supplemental light (the control) or under one of three supplemental light sources [high pressure sodium (HPS), metal halide (MH), or mixed light-emitting diodes (LEDs)] combined with one of three levels of CO2 (350, 700, or 1050 μmol·mol−1). The supplemental light (100 μmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density) and CO2 were provided simultaneously from 10:00 pm to 2:00 am every day. The results showed that the supplemental lighting (LEDs, MH, and HPS) greatly improved the seedling quality with greater dry weights (of the shoot, root, and leaf), stem diameter, leaf area, and Dickson’s quality index (DQI) than those of the control in both species. An enriched CO2 at 1050 μmol·mol−1 accelerated the growth and development of plug seedlings, evidenced by the increased root and leaf dry weights, stem diameter, and DQI compared to the those from the other two CO2 enrichment levels. Moreover, LEDs combined with 1050 μmol·mol−1 CO2 not only increased the contents of soluble sugars but also the starch content. However, an enriched CO2 at 700 μmol·mol−1 was more suitable for the accumulation of total phenols and flavonoids. Furthermore, LEDs combined with 700 or 1050 μmol·mol−1 CO2 increased the chlorophyll, quantum yield, and stomatal conductance at daytime and nighttime for A. membranaceus and C. lanceolata, respectively. In conclusion, the data suggest that LEDs combined with CO2 at 1050 μmol·mol−1 is recommended for enhancing the growth and development of plug seedlings of A. membranaceus and C. lanceolata.

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The Effect of Spectral Quality on Daily Patterns of Gas Exchange, Biomass Gain, and Water-Use-Efficiency in Tomatoes and Lisianthus: An Assessment of Whole Plant Measurements

Cited by 37 publications

References 61 publications

Response of Eustoma Leaf Phenotype and Photosynthetic Performance to LED Light Quality

Response of Eustoma Leaf Phenotype and Photosynthetic Performance to LED Light Quality

Effect of elevated CO2 and spectral quality on whole plant gas exchange patterns in tomatoes

Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Combined with Supplemental Light Improve Growth and Quality of Plug Seedlings of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge and Codonopsis lanceolata Benth. et Hook. f.

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