The effect of some surface treatments on the characteristics of fast states on germanium surfaces

The Interface between Germanium and a Purified Neutral Electrolyte

“…The condition for b a l a n c e is RI~R~_.~ -1 : R~R~ -1 : fl [1] whereR1._, is the resistance b e t w e e n contacts 1 and 2, etc. The added surface conductivity, • in the t h i n a r m as defined by B r a t t a i n a n d G a r r e t t (14) is AG = (1 + f l ) w t ( X , , , -X ) R 4~( 2 e #~p~m ( w + t)Rl~) -~ [2] w h e r e X,,~ is the f r a c t i o n a l helipot r e a d i n g for m i n im u m conductivity, X is the f r a c t i o n a l r e a d i n g at a point w h e r e AG is to be evaluated, ~ is hole mobility, p specific resistance, e electronic charge, ~ the Debye length, n, the c o n c e n t r a t i o n of holes a n d electrons in i n t r i n s i c g e r m a n i u m , w a n d t the w i d t h a n d t h i c kness of the t h i n p a r t of a r m 15.…”

“…It is inferred that the variations are due either to trace impurities deposited on the surface during etching (1) or other cleaning and handling procedures, interaction with the ambient (2), or to physical defects in the surface (e.g., emerging dislocations, steps, etc.) It is inferred that the variations are due either to trace impurities deposited on the surface during etching (1) or other cleaning and handling procedures, interaction with the ambient (2), or to physical defects in the surface (e.g., emerging dislocations, steps, etc.)…”

“…Measurements of the electrical properties of germanium surfaces in gaseous ambients have shown a marked dependence of these properties on the immediate history of the sample and the nature of the ambient. It is inferred that the variations are due either to trace impurities deposited on the surface during etching (1) or other cleaning and handling procedures, interaction with the ambient (2), or to physical defects in the surface (e.g., emerging dislocations, steps, etc.) developed in different ways by different chemical environments.…”