The Effect of Some Physical Factors on the II → I Phase Transition of Isotactic Polybutene-1

The effect of long-term natural aging on the iPB-1 structure and the II – I phase transformation rate

“…The four studied highly isotactic poly(butene)-1 (iPB-1) samples were the commercial products of coordinated solution polymerization using Ziegler-Natta catalysts of LyondellBasell Industries N.V., (Netherlands) company, including the homopolymers PB 0110, PB 0300, DP 0400 and a random low butene/ethylene copolymer PB 8640. The samples PB 0110 and PB 0300 had a higher molecular weight than the sample DP by the producer [13] . The details of the polymerization and exact polymer were not provided.…”

“…In our previous studies [9][10] , three existing types of II → I phase transformation processes have been described depending on the methods of formation of the transformation nuclei: P (plusfaster than standard phase transformation), N (neutralstandard type) and M (Minustype, characterizedby the induction period which was slowing down the transformation rate) [9] . The phase transition rate, similarly as any nucleation processes, can be affected by various factors, such as environments [10] , additives [11] and physical factors (for example, deformation, temperature, and radiation, etc [12][13] .…”

The degradation of poly(1-butene) extrudates subjected to artificial and natural aging

“…A post-crystallization phenomenon occurred with the phase transformation, during which, part of the amorphous polymer crystallized into phase I [38][39][40]. The development of the peaks of the individual phases was observed (2θ angles 10.0° and 11.9°), and the ratio of the peak heights and the content of the given phase to the sum of both heights were subsequently calculated [41].…”

Effect of an additive TAB-1 on crystallization behaviors and tensile properties of iPB-1

“…Isotactic polybutene-1 (iPB-1) is of great industrial interest due to its known excellent mechanical properties including excellent elastic recovery, heat-resistant creep degeneration, good environmental stress cracking resistance performance under various chemical and physical conditions, good toughness, good flexibility, good tear strength, and so on. [1][2][3] These excellent properties make iPB-1 suitable for manufacturing pressurized tanks, pipes, films, and thin plates, especially hot water pipes, [1][2][3][4][5][6] and make it very competitive relative to polypropylene or polyethylene. 7,8 It should be noted that iPB-1 is polymorphic and its mechanical properties are heavily dependent on the crystal forms, 9 including forms I, II and III, 10,11 consisting of 3/1, 11/3, and 4/1 helices 12,13 in trigonal, 10 tetragonal, [14][15][16][17] and orthorhombic 18 crystal cells.…”

“…The low aging temperature, applied mechanical stress, elevated pressure, supercritical CO 2 or solvents are not convenient for industrial processing procedures. In comparison, suitable additives including some nucleating agents 3 seem to be competitive, although the mechanical properties or their balance with the II-I transition kinetics have not been studied well. Additionally, some additives like fillers including montmorillonite 48 and perkalite 44 would greatly affect the color and decrease the flexibility of iPB-1 with the flexural modulus greatly enhanced, which are not favored for applications (for example, hot water pipes).…”