The effect of sodium on the catalytic activity of ZnO–Al2O3/ZSM-5 and SnO–Al2O3/ZSM-5 for the transesterification of vegetable oil with methanol

Abstract

In order to elucidate the effect of sodium on the activity of ZSM-5 supported metal oxides catalysts (ZnO-Al2O3/ZSM-5 and SnO-Al2O3/ZSM-5) for the transesterification of soybean oil with methanol, ZSM-5 supported metal oxides were prepared with and without sodium hydroxide by impregnation. The metal compositions of the ZSM-5 supported metal oxide catalysts and the metal concentrations dissolved from the catalysts to the methylester phase were measured by SEM-EDS and inductive coupled plasma spectroscopy, respectively. The catalytic activity of ZnO-Al2O3/ZSM-5 and SnO-Al2O3/ZSM-5 containing sodium did not originate from surface metal oxides sites, but from surface sodium sites or dissolved sodium leached from the catalyst surface.

Performance of heterogeneous ZrO2 supported metaloxide catalysts for brown grease esterification and sulfur removal

“…In addition, sulfur can be introduced into the feedstock by pretreatment methods used to reduce the FFA level for catalytic processing of the brown grease. Because traditional base catalysts cannot be used for feedstock containing high FFAs (Kawashima et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2009Kim et al, , 2010aYan et al, 2008), there is a need for acidic solid catalysts. For example, Canakci and Gerpen reported a pretreatment process to reduce the FFAs.…”

Heterogeneous Catalyst HZSM5 in Biodiesel Production from Rapeseed Oil in Batch Process

“…Haitang wu et al [26] used zeolites (NaY, KL and NaZSM5) as a catalyst in transesterification of soybean oil after modifying them with variety amount of Calcium Oxide 5 and reported 95% yield in presence of NaY with 30% loading of CaO on it. M Kim et al [27] considered the effect of sodium on catalytic activity of ZnO-Al2O3/ZSM5 and SnOAl2O3/ZSM5 for transesterification of vegetable oil with methanol and reported desired results.…”

Transesterification of waste frying oil using a zinc aluminate catalyst

“…At higher temperatures, desorption of products from the catalyst surface is favored and the lower viscosity of WFO contributes to reduce mass transfer limitations. Leaching of zinc from zinc aluminate catalysts prepared by solid state reaction, impregnation and coprecipitation has been reported [21,22,25,26]. In spite of this, no zinc depletion could be determined by EDX analyses of the catalysts after 3 reaction cycles and no significant homogeneous reaction was observed in a side test, even after the first reaction run.…”

“…Zinc aluminate (ZnAl 2 O 4 ) is an oxide with a normal spinel AB 2 O 4 structure and is commonly used as a catalyst or support in many catalytic reactions such as cracking, dehydrogenation, acetylation and transesterification [21,22,25,26]. Zinc aluminate consists of an arrangement of closed packing cfc atoms Fd3m, presenting tetrahedral interstices, A, and octrahedral interstices, B, occupied by the bivalent and trivalent ions respectively [26].…”