Performance of heterogeneous ZrO2 supported metaloxide catalysts for brown grease esterification and sulfur removal

Kim, Manhoe; DiMaggio, Craig L.; Yan, Shuli; Wang, Huali; Salley, Steven O.; Ng, Koon‐Kwan

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.10.105

Cited by 53 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The sulfur content of BGL is highly variable and typically is between 200 and 400 ppm, although we have obtained BGL samples with higher than 500 ppm and as low as 100 ppm (Cairncross et al, ). In agreement with the observations made by He et al (), several researchers have reported that the sulfur content in FAME is less than the sulfur content in the parent oil (Alleman et al, ; Kim et al, ; Ma et al, ; Ragauskas et al, ). BGL typically contains 230–850 ppm S and in most cases, is reduced nearly into half upon transesterification to FAME (Cairncross et al, ; Chakrabarti et al, ; Gardner et al, ; Hums et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Identification of Sulfur‐Containing Impurities in Biodiesel Produced From Brown Grease

Hughes

Jones

Hums

et al. 2018

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from waste grease usually contain higher concentrations of sulfur (S) than allowed to meet the specified quality standard for biodiesel (<15 ppm). Brown grease lipid-derived FAME was produced and fractionated by two passes through a wiped-film evaporator (WFE) to produce three fractions:(1) a 120 C pass distillate, (2) a 170 C pass distillate, and (3) a heavy residue. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used to concentrate the S species from the distillate fractions so that they could be detected by a gas chromatographypulsed flame photometric detector (GC-PFPD) and GCmass spectrometry (MS). The ethyl acetate and methanol (MeOH) fractions obtained by SPE of the 120 C WFE distillate and methyl tert-butyl ether and acetone fractions obtained by SPE of the 170 C WFE distillate had the highest concentration of S and were, therefore, the best candidates for GC-PFPD analysis. GC-PFPD methods were developed to separate the S species adequately enough for those peaks to be analyzed by GC-MS which matched fragmentation patterns identified by the MS chemical library as tetrahydrothiophenes, dithiolanes, and thiophenes. MS fragmentation patterns were used to identify other, larger, S-bearing species as sulfides and disulfides cross-linking between two FAME molecules. The results obtained from this study provide a foundation for developing effective purification methods to remove S-containing impurities from waste grease-derived biodiesel.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Identification of Sulfur‐Containing Impurities in Biodiesel Produced From Brown Grease

Hughes

Jones

Hums

et al. 2018

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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“…This pretreatment stage is known as esterification and is usually catalyzed by sulfuric acid, with reaction yields over 95% (Canacki and Van Gerpen 2001). Solid-acid catalysts, such as Dowex monosphere 550A, Dowex upcore Mono A-625, Amberlyst-15, Amberlyst-16, Amberlyst-35, Dowex HCR-W2, mesoporous aluminosilicates, Amberlyst 131, Relite CFS, ZrO 2 -supported metal oxide and mesoporous organosilicas, have also been considered (Özbay et al 2008, Carmo et al 2009, Tesser et al 2010, Morales et al 2010, Kim et al 2011). More recently layered bismuth carboxylates, has also been used in esterification of fatty acids (Rosa da Silva et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of recycled poly (styrene-co-butadiene) sulfonation: a new approach in solid catalysts for biodiesel production

et al. 2013

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The disposal of solid waste is a serious problem worldwide that is made worse in developing countries due to inadequate planning and unsustainable solid waste management. In Mexico, only 2% of total urban solid waste is recycled. One non-recyclable material is poly (styrene-co-butadiene), which is commonly used in consumer products (like components of appliances and toys), in the automotive industry (in instrument panels) and in food services (e.g. hot and cold drinking cups and glasses). In this paper, a lab-scale strategy is proposed for recycling poly (styrene-co-butadiene) waste by sulfonation with fuming sulfuric acid. Tests of the sulfonation strategy were carried out at various reaction conditions. The results show that 75°C and 2.5 h are the operating conditions that maximize the sulfonation level expressed as number of acid sites. The modified resin is tested as a heterogeneous catalyst in the first step (known as esterification) of biodiesel production from a mixture containing tallow fat and canola oil with 59% of free fatty acids. The preliminary results show that esterification can reach 91% conversion in the presence of the sulfonated polymeric catalyst compared with 67% conversion when the reaction is performed without catalyst.

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“…Therefore, it would be beneficial to use low-cost crude vegetable oils and waste triglycerides containing high FFA content in the production of FAME. For example, the FFA content is more than 15 wt% in brown greases [4,5], 4-15 wt% in yellow greases [5], up to 15 wt% in crude Jatropha oil [6], 23 wt% in sludge palm oil [7], and 2 wt% in crude palm oil [8]. When using homogeneous base catalysts in the production of FAME from these feedstocks containing high FFA [1], an esterification reaction using acid catalysts will be necessary in advance of transesterification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basically, acid catalysts are suitable for esterification but not good for transesterification. For example, Peng et al [10] prepared SO 4 2-/TiO 2 -SiO 2 solid for the production of biodiesel from cottonseed oil with the addition of 10-80 wt% of oleic acid at 200°C with 3 wt% catalyst concentration. A 90 % FAME yield was obtained in 90 min using cottonseed oil with 80 % oleic acid addition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Oxide Catalysts Supported on Porous Silica for the Production of Biodiesel from Crude Jatropha Oil

Suzuta

Toba

Abe

et al. 2012

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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A heterogeneous catalyst, FeOx/SiO2, prepared by the pore‐filling method, was found to be active in the transesterification of crude Jatropha oil with methanol. When the transesterification reaction was carried out with a reaction temperature of 220 °C, a catalyst amount of 15 wt%, a methanol/oil molar ratio of 218:1, and a reaction time of 3 h, the yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in the product exceeded 99.0 %, and met with EN standards for allowable contents of glycerine and mono‐, di‐, and tri‐glycerides. The correlation between the FAME production activity and measured acidity of the FeOx/SiO2 catalysts showed that the transesterification reaction was promoted via the acidic function of these catalysts, which are less inhibited by coexisting free fatty acids in the feedstock triglycerides.

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Performance of heterogeneous ZrO2 supported metaloxide catalysts for brown grease esterification and sulfur removal

Cited by 53 publications

References 29 publications

Identification of Sulfur‐Containing Impurities in Biodiesel Produced From Brown Grease

Identification of Sulfur‐Containing Impurities in Biodiesel Produced From Brown Grease

Analysis of recycled poly (styrene-co-butadiene) sulfonation: a new approach in solid catalysts for biodiesel production

Iron Oxide Catalysts Supported on Porous Silica for the Production of Biodiesel from Crude Jatropha Oil

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