The effect of sodium hypochlorite, gibberellic acid, and light on seed dormancy and germination of wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus) and cow cockle (Saponaria vaccaria)

Abstract

Seed germination of wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.) and cow cockle (Saponaria vaccaria L.) increased with increasing time of immersion in 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Maximum germination was obtained at 6 to 8 h for wild buckwheat and at 2 h for cow cockle. The effect of NaOCl treatment of wild buckwheat seeds mimics the effect of acid scarification. Wild buckwheat germination was not influenced by light and (or) gibberellic acid (GA3). To induce 50% germination (t½) of cow cockle NaOCl treatments of 0.5 and 1 h were required for seeds incubating in the dark and light, respectively. Once the seed coat was made more permeable by NaOCl, both the promoting effect of GA3 and the inhibitory effect of light were increased. When the optimum effect of NaOCl occurred, all the seeds germinated. However, prolonged NaOCl treatment resulted in either poor germination or seed disintegration.The hard coat seems to be the main factor in regulating wild buckwheat seed germination. Cow cockle, however, is regulated by at least two other factors, light and hormones, in addition to seed coat.

The Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite, Gibberellic Acid and Light on Seed Dormancy and Germination of Stinkweed and Wild Mustard

“…Our results showed that NaOCI enhanced the penetration of GA3 into the seeds and consequently the requirement of GA, for germination of wild oats (Hsiao 1979a) and cow cockle (Hsiao 1979b) decreased. In cow cockle (Hsiao 1979b) NaOCI treatment alone had a beneficial lDlzs"C used by Best and Mclntyre (1975) effect on germination. It is suggested that and 20oC which was close to 2l"C used by NaOCI treatment mimics the effect of seed Corns ( 1960).…”

“…(Hsiao 1979b) and subsequently increased germination of these species. Our results showed that NaOCI enhanced the penetration of GA3 into the seeds and consequently the requirement of GA, for germination of wild oats (Hsiao 1979a) and cow cockle (Hsiao 1979b) decreased. In cow cockle (Hsiao 1979b) NaOCI treatment alone had a beneficial lDlzs"C used by Best and Mclntyre (1975) effect on germination.…”

“…(Hsiao 1979a), wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.) and cow cockle (Saponaria vaccariaL.) (Hsiao 1979b) and subsequently increased germination of these species. Our results showed that NaOCI enhanced the penetration of GA3 into the seeds and consequently the requirement of GA, for germination of wild oats (Hsiao 1979a) and cow cockle (Hsiao 1979b) decreased.…”

Use of Sodium Hypochlorite to Enhance Seedling Emergence, Vigor, and Survival ofAngelica glaucaandAconitum heterophyllum

“…Among the sterilants, sodium hypochlorite has the ability to overcome seed dormancy by either increasing permeability of the seed coat to oxygen through the removal of phenolics, as in Parthenium argentatum (15), or by scarification or other modification of the seed coat, as in case of Saponaria vaccaria (14). In the present study, A. glauca seeds soaked in NaHClO 3 for 30 min and A. heterophyllum seeds soaked in NaHClO 3 for 15 min resulted in earlier and increased seedling emergence and seedling vigor.…”

“…In addition, this chemical has proved useful for breaking dormancy, improving germination rate, enhancing seedling vigor in many crop and wild plant species (7,10,11,12,14,15,18). Studies on Himalayan medicinal plants, however, are limited (5,6,20), but indicate for A. glauca and A. heterophyllum that too few seeds are produced for cultivation and that long-term sustainability of the plants will depend upon production of seeds by cultivation.…”