Physiological Basis of Achene Dormancy in Polygonum Convolvulus (Polygonaceae)

Metzger, James D.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1992.tb13669.x

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…Unfortunately, controlled laboratory data regarding induction into secondary dormancy are lacking for wild buckwheat and Pennsylvania smartweed. Low temperatures (2 to 10 C for 2 mol are required for breaking dormancy of wild buckwheat seeds (Metzger 1991), as is true for other Polygonum species. Annual cycling of dormancy release in late (Stoller and Wax 1973) and was not used in the analysis.…”

Section: Giant Foxtailmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed seed bank emergence across the Corn Belt

Forcella¹,

et al. 1997

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Field experiments, conducted from 1991 to 1994, generated information on weed seedbank emergence for 22 site-years from Ohio to Colorado and Minnesota to Missouri. Early spring seedbank densities were estimated through direct extraction of viable seeds from soil cores. Emerged seedlings were recorded periodically, as were daily values for air and soil temperature, and precipitation. Percentages of weed seedbanks that emerged as seedlings were calculated from seedbank and seedling data for each species, and relationships between seedbank emergence and microclimatic variables were sought. Fifteen species were found in 3 or more site-years. Average emergence percentages (and coefficients of variation) of these species were as follows: giant foxtail, 31.2 (84%); velvetleaf, 28.2 (66); kochia, 25.7 (79); Pennsylvania smartweed, 25.1 (65); common purslane, 15.4 (135); common ragweed, 15.0 (110); green foxtail, 8.5 (72); wild proso millet, 6.6 (104); hairy nightshade, 5.2 (62); common sunflower, 5.0 (26); yellow foxtail, 3.4 (67); pigweed species, 3.3 (103); common lambsquarters, 2.7 (111); wild buckwheat, 2.5 (63), and prostrate knotweed, 0.6 (79). Variation among site-years, for some species, could be attributed to microclimate variables thought to induce secondary dormancy in spring. For example, total seasonal emergence percentage of giant foxtail was related positively to the 1st date at which average daily soil temperature at 5 to 10 cm soil depth reached 16 C. Thus, if soil warmed before mid April, secondary dormancy was induced and few seedlings emerged, whereas many seedlings emerged if soil remained cool until June.

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Section: Giant Foxtailmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed seed bank emergence across the Corn Belt

Forcella¹,

et al. 1997

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Effects of Soil Copper on Black Bindweed ( Fallopia convolvulus ) in the Laboratory and in the Field

Kjær¹,

Pedersen²,

Elmegaard³

1998

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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The present study aims to identify factors of importance to the extrapolation from laboratory toxicity test to field effects using copper and black bindweed as a model. In the laboratory the influence of Cu on seed germination and seedling survival was studied in both soil spiked with Cu in the laboratory and soil collected at a Cu-polluted site. Maternal effects were also studied. We found that seeds from Cu-stressed plants germinated more readily after a short, cold storage than control seeds, but no differences were found after a longer storage. The low germination of control seeds compared to maternal treated seeds could not be attributed to differences in thickness of the seed coat. Germination was slightly stimulated at 232 mg Cu kg-1. At the highest Cu level (i.e. 1,330 mg Cu kg-1) only 5% of the seeds germinated. Mortality of the seedlings increased with increasing Cu concentration reaching 40% at 391 mg Cu kg-1. At higher concentrations mortality decreased. Germination was not affected in laboratory tests with soil from a Cu-polluted site, but the biomass of the plants decreased with increasing Cu concentration. The distribution of the plants on a Cu-polluted site was registered in relation to soil Cu concentration. Cu was analyzed using three different extractors, i.e. HNO3, CaCl2, and DTPA. The distribution of the plant in the field was predicted from calculated lifetime effect of a given Cu soil concentration based on the laboratory tests. The results revealed that growth is more sensitive in the field than should be expected from laboratory tests due to several stressors in the former situation. Bioavailability was lower in the field soil but this was counteracted by the increased effect. Incorporating bioavailability in the prediction of field effects thus reduced the fit of the model and bioavailability measures could not be further evaluated.

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Effect of phylogeny, life history and habitat correlates on seed germination of 69 arid and semi-arid zone species from northwest China

et al. 2008

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We tested the effects of phylogeny, life history and habitat conditions for seedling establishment on seed germination of 69 arid/semi-arid zone species from northwest China. Final germination percentages had a bimodal distribution, whereas, days to first germination were skewed toward short periods. Stepwise multi-way ANOVAs showed that the amount of variance in final germination percentage among species for seeds incubated in light was explained by phylogeny (13.6%), dispersal mode (11.9%), seed mass (3.6%), and habitat (0.2%); in darkness by dispersal mode (17.5%), phylogeny (12.7%), seed mass (5.7%), and habitat (0%). A series of ANOVAs revealed that the variance in final germination percentages among species is largely dependent upon phylogeny and dispersal mode but that it is also influenced by seed mass and habitat. The effects of dispersal mode and seed mass on final germination percentage among species were phylogenetic group-and habitat-specific. Wind-dispersed seeds had higher germination percentages than unassisted and vertebrate-dispersed seeds. Compared to xerophytes, mesophytes tended to have smaller seed mass, higher mean germination percentages and a greater effect of seed mass on final germination fractions. Our results suggest that phylogeny and life history should be taken into account in studies on the role of natural selection in regulation of seed germination.

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Physiological Basis of Achene Dormancy in Polygonum Convolvulus (Polygonaceae)

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Weed seed bank emergence across the Corn Belt

Weed seed bank emergence across the Corn Belt

Effects of Soil Copper on Black Bindweed ( Fallopia convolvulus ) in the Laboratory and in the Field

Effect of phylogeny, life history and habitat correlates on seed germination of 69 arid and semi-arid zone species from northwest China

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