The effect of sodium and calcium on physical properties and micromorphology of two red‐brown earth soils

Greene, Richard; Rengasamy, Pichu; Ford, G. W.; Chartres, Colin J.; Millar, J. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1988.tb01246.x

Cited by 51 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Many research works have documented the following positive effects of calcium sulfate applications on the physico-chemical properties of saline-sodic soils: increasing permeability and leaching (Baumhardt et al, 1992;Ilyas et al, 1997); increasing flocculation and soil macroporosity (Chartres et al, 1985;Greene et al, 1988) and reduction of surface crusting.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reclamation of saline and saline-sodic soils using gypsum and leaching water

Cucci¹,

Lacolla²,

Pallara³

et al. 2012

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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The results of a two-year research aiming to evaluate the effects of corrective treatments on two saline-sodic soils are reported. The trial was carried out in cylindrical pots (high 0.6 m and with a diameter of 0.4 m), provided with a bottom control device to collect drainage water, and located under shed, to avoid rain leaching effect. The two clay soils: Saline and saline-sodic resulting from a fouryear experiment in which different crops had been irrigated with 9 solutions obtained by dissolving in distilled water the appropriate amounts of NaCl and CaCl 2 by the factorial combination of three salt concentrations and three SAR levels (5, 15 and 45). During the subsequent two-year period, the soils were cropped to barley and borlotto bean and irrigated with freshwater (ECw = 0.5 dS m -1 and SAR = 0.45) whenever the soil contained in the pots lost by evapotranspiration 30% of the maximum available water (MAW). The corrective treatments were carried out by applying CaSO 4 to the soils with ESP>6% and leaching fractions equal to 20% of the watering volume to the most saline soils and proportionally lower fractions to the less saline soils, in order to reach, in the drainage water, electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium absorption ratio (SAR) values of 3 dS m -1 and 9, respectively. The reclamation treatments reduced significantly soil salinity and sodicity: Electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECe) decreased on average from 12.34 to 3.66 dS m -1 ; the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) dropped by 50.93 and 41.41% respectively for Bologna and Locorotondo soils.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reclamation of saline and saline-sodic soils using gypsum and leaching water

Cucci¹,

Lacolla²,

Pallara³

et al. 2012

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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“…The removal of soluble salts had a beneficial effect on the physico-chemical soil properties. Many research works have proved the beneficial effects of calcium sulphate application on the physico-chemical properties of sodic-saline soils: it increases permeability and leaching (Frenkel et al, 1989;Baumhardt et al, 1992;Ilyas et al, 1997), favours soil flocculation and macroporosity (Chartres et al, 1985;Greene et al, 1988), reduces bulk density (Southard et al, 1988) and surface crusting (Gal et al, 1984).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reclamation of Sodic-Saline Soils. Barley Crop Response

Lacolla¹,

Cucci²

2008

Ital J Agronomy

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The research was aimed at assessing the salinity and sodicity effects of two soil types submitted to correction on barley crop. The two soils, contained in cylindrical pots (0.40 m in size and 0.60 m h) supplied with a bottom valve for the collection of drainage water and located under shed to prevent the leaching action of rainfall, were clay-textured and saline and sodic-saline at barley seeding, as they had been cultivated for 4 consecutive years with different herbaceous species irrigated with 9 types of brackish water. In 2002-2003 the 2 salinized and sodium-affected soils (ECe and ESP ranging respectively from 5.84-20.27 dSm -1 to 2.83-11.19%), submitted to correction, were cultivated with barley cv Micuccio, and irrigated with fresh water (ECw = 0.5 dS m -1 and SAR = 0.45) whenever 30% of the maximum soil available moisture was lost by evapotranspiration. Barley was shown to be a salt-tolerant species and did not experience any salt stress when grown in soils with an initial ECe up to 11 dS m -1 . When it was grown in more saline soils (initial ECe of about 20 dS m -1 ), despite the correction, it showed a reduction in shoot biomass and kernel yield by 26% and 36% respectively, as compared to less saline soils.

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“…The increase in soluble salts caused by the acid application also contributed to increase water penetration. In packed soil columns following gypsum application, Greene et al (1988) found a two±fold increase in saturated hydraulic conductivity of two hard-setting red-brown earth soils (ESP 9Á3 and 4Á9). From micromorphological and scanning electron microscope observations, they showed that the increase in hydraulic conductivity was closely associated with an increase in the visible macropores and reduced clay dispersion.…”

Section: Chemical Ameliorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amelioration strategies for sodic soils: a review

2001

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Sodic soils are characterized by the occurrence of excess sodium (Na ) to levels that can adversely affect soil structure and disturb availability of some nutrients to plants. Such changes ultimately affect crop growth and yield. There are large areas of the world that exist under sodic soils and need attention for ef®cient, inexpensive and environmentally feasible amelioration. Sodic soil amelioration involves increase in calcium (Ca 2 ) on the cation exchange sites at the expense of Na . The replaced Na together with excess soluble salts, if present, is removed from the root zone through in®ltrating water as a result of excessive irrigations. Record nearly a century old reveal the use of water, crop, chemical amendment, electric current, and tillage as amelioration tools for such soils. Among the amelioration strategies, chemical amendments have an extensive usage. Owing to gradual increases in amendment cost in some parts of the world during the last two decades, this amelioration strategy has become cost-intensive, particularly for the subsistence farmers in developing countries. In the meantime, phytoremediation with low initial investment has emerged as a potential substitute of chemical amelioration. Phytoremediation works through plant root action that helps dissolve native soil calcite (CaCO 3 ) of low solubility to supply adequate levels of Ca 2 for an effective Na À Ca 2 exchange without the application of an amendment. Although signi®cant progress has been achieved in improving amelioration methods, a great deal of work remains to analyse the economics of such methods with focus on (1) the long-term sustainability of the amelioration projects and (2) the consequences of amelioration for the farmer himself, other growers and society as a whole. Computer modelling may help assess economic viability of different soil amelioration methods to extend results broadly to other similar locations. In addition, computer modelling to stimulate movement and reactions of salts in sodic soils has been a potentially useful complement to experimental data. However, such models need evaluation under ®eld conditions.

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The effect of sodium and calcium on physical properties and micromorphology of two red‐brown earth soils

Cited by 51 publications

References 15 publications

Reclamation of saline and saline-sodic soils using gypsum and leaching water

Reclamation of saline and saline-sodic soils using gypsum and leaching water

Reclamation of Sodic-Saline Soils. Barley Crop Response

Amelioration strategies for sodic soils: a review

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