“…On the other hand, it is not necessary that consumers actually purchase the product if they encounter a strong UBI [112], and therefore, UBI and the actual impulsive buying are considered to be different concepts. Previous studies either focused on UBI [14], [15], [36], [37], [73], [111] or actual impulsive buying [14], [88], [109], [110]. Few studies considered both the impulse buying responses [40], [105], [112], [114], wherein the UBI was a mediator, and the outcome referred to the actual impulsive buying.…”