The effect of smoking and forced use of the voice to development of the vocal polyps

Abstract

Dysphonia is often caused by polyps which are benign changes of pseudotumors. With their presence they are hampering with glotis oclusion. Laryngomicroscopy of general and endotracheal anaesthesia has been preformed on all of the patients. Microsurgical technique has been used to remove the polyps. Bioptic material was analyzed in pathophysiological laboratory of clinic of pathology in Banjaluka. All of the results were presented through tables and graphic representations. Frequency of polyps through age and sex groups, along with the examination of ethyological factors in emergence of polyps of vocal cords. Results are in accordance with the results of other authors who were involved in similar problematics. Through analysis of our data we percieve that the abuse of voice is part of ethiological factors that lead not only to emergence of vocal fold lesions but aswell as other benign changes.

Vocal Fold Polyps: Literature Review

“…It is undeniable that the main etiological factor of polyps is vocal abuse, yet some associated factors have been pointed out as determinants for their development, mainly smoking, which is quite frequent in patients with polyps 22 . This is because of the worsening of the lesion due to certain histological factors as a result of the use of tobacco.…”

“…The greater difference in incidence between genders in patients with polyps, according to the literature, was 71.3% in men and 28.7% in women, aged between 17 and 59 years old (mean of 42.1 ± 10.4 years old). 22…”

“…Some authors consider smoking as the primary factor for the development of vocal fold polyps, mainly when associated with vocal abuse. 22 26 Gnjatic et al 22 studied patients with vocal fold polyps and found that 67.5% of the subjects were active smokers, and that vocal abuse was reported by 59.0% of the participants. According to Effat et al, 26 vocal fold polyps in smokers are larger than those in non-smokers because tobacco compromises the vocal fold epithelium and increases hyaline degeneration in the polyp.…”

The association between lifetime cigarette smoking and dysphonia in the Korean general population: findings from a national survey

“…In addition, smoking is known as a risk factor for laryngeal disorders. Chronic smoking is a major cause of laryngeal and oral cancer, and it is a risk factor for laryngeal keratosis, Reinke’s edema and laryngeal leukoplakia ( Feierabend & Shahram, 2009 ; Gnjatic, Stankovic & Djukić, 2009 ; Schultz, 2011 ). Without the elimination of chronic stimulants such as tobacco, permanent recovery from dysphonia is difficult to attain through surgical operations alone ( Boone et al, 2013 ; Cohen, 2010 ).…”

Peer Review #2 of "The association between lifetime cigarette smoking and dysphonia in the Korean general population: findings from a national survey (v0.2)"

“…In addition, smoking is known as a risk factor for laryngeal disorders. Chronic smoking is a major cause of laryngeal and oral cancer, and it is a risk factor for laryngeal keratosis, Reinke's edema and laryngeal leukoplakia (Feierabend & Shahram, 2009;Gnjatic, Stankovic, & Djukić, 2009;Schultz, 2011).…”