The effect of short-term dietary modification on human fecal mutagenic activity

Kuhnlein, Harriet V.; Kühnlein, U.; Bell, Penelope Anne

doi:10.1016/0165-1161(83)90236-4

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Thus, fecal mutagenicity has been postulated as an endpoint associating high-fat diet and the risk of colorectal cancer. Only a few dietary intervention trials have attempted to test this hypothesis on a small number of subjects, with mixed results (Kuhnlein et al, 1983;Bruce and Dion, 1980). The results of the present investigation, conducted among a larger group of subjects than previous dietary intervention studies, strongly support the hypothesis that low-fat diets contribute to a lowering of fecal mutagenicity as measured by the SOS chromotest.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Diets rich in fat and poor in complex carbohydrates have been associated with increased risk of colon cancer in humans. Studies attempting to demonstrate a correlation between dietary fat, fecal mutagenicity and colon cancer risk (Venitt, 1982;Kuhnlein et al, 1983;Wilkins and Van Tassell, 1983;Reddy et al, 1984;Schiffman, 1986;Schiffman et al, 1989) have proved inconclusive. Schiffman et al (1989) have suggested that each class of mutagens must be considered separately since results vary according to the method of extraction and assay for mutagenic activity.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Influence of dietary fat on fecal mutagenicity in premenopausal women

Nair

Shami

Sainz

et al. 1990

Intl Journal of Cancer

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A dietary intervention study was conducted on 31 premenopausal women (age: 20-40 years) to investigate the relationship between dietary fat and fecal mutagenicity. After a free-living period (baseline) of one menstrual cycle, the subjects were placed on a high-fat diet (40% calories from fat) for 4 menstrual cycles, followed by a low-fat diet (20% calories from fat) for 4 menstrual cycles. One-half of the subjects were randomly assigned throughout the study to a diet with a P:S ratio of 1.0 while the other half was assigned to one with a P:S ratio of 0.3; body weight by group remained constant. Three-day stool samples were collected at the mid-follicular period during the free-living phase and during the 4th menstrual cycle of each of the 2 controlled diet periods. Mutagenicity was assayed by the SOS chromotest. Reduction of dietary fat was accompanied by a significant decrease in fecal mutagenicity in both P:S groups. Combined values, i.e., both P:S groups, were 20.3 units for high-fat diets vs. 8.78 for low-fat diets.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of dietary fat on fecal mutagenicity in premenopausal women

Nair

Shami

Sainz

et al. 1990

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Autoclaving has been used by some workers (Mower et al, 1982) to eliminate microbiological contamination in the Ames test, but possible heat-labile mutagens would be destroyed by such a procedure. In some studies, bacterial contamination was removed by ultrafiltration (Kuhnlein et al, 1983; Johansson et al, 1998). In our experience, ultrafiltration is indeed a satisfactory method for preparing fecal waters, reducing bacterial numbers sufficiently not to interfere in the final “incubation” phase of the Ames test.…”

Section: Bacterial Mutation Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The population-based studies found that population groups with low risk of CRC (vegetarians, rural populations) excreted mutagenic feces less frequently than high risk groups (omnivores, urban populations). A dietary intervention study found that 2 weeks on a low risk vegetarian diet led to the excretion of less mutagenic stools in six volunteers compared to a high risk mixed diet (Kuhnlein et al, 1983). Another study using one volunteer observed that the addition of 150 g/day of fat to the normal diet did not influence fecal mutagenicity, but addition of 30 g/day wheat fiber decreased mutagenicity (Venitt et al, 1986).…”

Section: Bacterial Mutation Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Perspectives on the Relations between Fecal Mutagenicity, Genotoxicity, and Diet

Gratz¹,

Wallace²,

El-Nezami³

2011

Front. Pharmacol.

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DNA damage is an essential component of the genesis of colonic cancer. Gut microbial products and food components are thought to be principally responsible for the damage that initiates disease progression. Modified Ames tests and Comet assays have been developed for measuring mutagenicity and genotoxicity. Their relevance to oncogenesis remains to be confirmed, as does the relative importance of different mutagenic and genotoxic compounds present in fecal water and the bacteria involved in their metabolism. Dietary intervention studies provide clues to the likely risks of oncogenesis. High-protein diets lead to increases in N-nitroso compounds in fecal water and greater DNA damage as measured by the Comet assay, for example. Other dietary interventions, such as non-digestible carbohydrates and probiotics, may lead to lower fecal genotoxicity. In order to make recommendations to the general public, we must develop a better understanding of how genotoxic compounds are formed in the colon, how accurate the Ames and Comet assays are, and how diet affects genotoxicity.

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“…Faeces were first lyophilized and then extracted in sequence with ethyl ether, acetone, and water [Dion and Bruce, 1983;Kuhnlein et al, 1983;Willems and De Raat. 19851.…”

Section: Collection and Processing Of Urine And Faecesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urine mutagenicity and biochemical parameters as markers of exposure to petroleum pitch using a rat model

Pasquini

Monarca

Sforzolini

et al. 1990

Environ and Mol Mutagen

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A petroleum pitch sample collected in a carbon electrode factory was studied using a series of in vivo assays for genotoxicity and enzymatic induction capability. Rats were treated with the petroleum derivative in three doses: 100, 50, and 10 mg/kg body weight. The treatment produced a rapid excretion of mutagenic substances in the urines of the first 24 hr only in rats treated with high doses (100 and 50 mg/kg). No faecal mutagenic activity was observed. Analyses of urinary thioethers showed that urinary metabolites derived from the compounds present in the pitch-sample at the lowest dose-administered (10 mg/kg) were eliminated primarily as cysteine conjugates. The pitch sample was found to be a good inducer of pulmonary and hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, especially after a 50 mg/kg dose. Urinary D-glucaric acid content was always statistically increased in treated animals compared with controls, confirming the enzymatic induction activity. Hepatic glutathione-S-transferase activity increased following treatment with 50 and 10 mg/kg doses.

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The effect of short-term dietary modification on human fecal mutagenic activity

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

Influence of dietary fat on fecal mutagenicity in premenopausal women

Influence of dietary fat on fecal mutagenicity in premenopausal women

Recent Perspectives on the Relations between Fecal Mutagenicity, Genotoxicity, and Diet

Urine mutagenicity and biochemical parameters as markers of exposure to petroleum pitch using a rat model

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