The effect of scale on the structural behaviour of masonry under compression

Mohammed, A.; Hughes, T. G.; Mustapha, Adam

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.06.025

Cited by 40 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Small scale masonry testing has been used for decades due to problems of full scale testing [10,11]. This approach is typically used to assess and investigate strengthening of existing structures as well as investigating the effects of extreme climatic events such as earthquakes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory scale testing of extruded earth masonry units

2013

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a b s t r a c tThere has been a resurgence in use of earth as a construction material largely driven by environmental concerns. Extruded earth masonry is a method of earth brick production that utilises existing fired brick manufacturing techniques. Extruded earth has distinct physical characteristics compared to other earthen building techniques. As industrial scale extrusion trials require large volumes of material, laboratory scale material development relies on samples prepared using alternative forming methods, such as moulding and compaction, which do not reliably reproduce the full-scale manufacturing process. The paper presents a representative method of manufacturing small scale extruded earth bricks. A suitable testing methodology is proposed, with varying curing conditions investigated. The small scale bricks are compared against equivalent large scale unfired earth bricks. The small scale bricks achieved a compressive strength of 3.39 MPa and with a corrected difference compared to the full scale bricks of 0.07 MPa; were found to be a reliable basis for laboratory scale investigation of material performance. The relationship that describes the effect of moisture content on strength exists for both small and large scale bricks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory scale testing of extruded earth masonry units

2013

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“…Small scale (1/6th) masonry modelling using a geotechnical centrifuge has been justified and employed successfully by a number of researchers [24][25][26][27] and it allows testing to be completed economically and safely. Material selection is primarily driven by the need to accurately represent prototype material properties at the model scale.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of single skin masonry walls subjected to hydraulic loading

et al. 2018

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Property owners are facing increasing threats from flooding and in response are likely to turn to products designed to waterproof or 'seal' the outside of the building in an effort to prevent the ingress of flood water. However, very limited research has been conducted on the effect of this sealing action and the consequent hydraulic load acting upon the structure of the building. The theoretical safe application of waterproofing products has been suggested to be between 0.6 and 1 m (published guidance suggests 0.9 m), although the experimental evidence supporting these suggestions is either absent or limited in nature. This paper presents the findings of an experimental programme that has examined the effect of out-of-plane hydrostatic loading on masonry walls typical of domestic or commercial buildings. The study, conducted at 1/6th scale using a geotechnical centrifuge considers wall panels constructed from a variety of masonry units (autoclaved aerated concrete block, brick and brick-block) bound together with two different types of mortar. The wall panels were subject to an axial load representative of 1 storey of loading and were simply supported on all 4 sides. The loadout-of-plane deflection response of the panels was captured by a 3D digital image correlation system, and the water level at failure was compared to that predicted from previous research and the established yield line analysis method with encouraging results. When partial material and load factors were taken into consideration the results illustrated that a safe sealing height of 0.9 m, as quoted in the literature, would generally be inappropriate, whilst the safe sealing height of 0.6 m was not suitable for every case investigated. This supports the need for a suitable approach for the calculation of water levels at failure rather than the use of fixed values given in published literature.

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“…Limits of scale modeling in structural masonry are suggested to be 1/12, other authors set the reasonable limit to 1/2, 1/3, 1/4 and 1/6 [178].…”

Section: Structures For Buildings Using Scale Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, tests with not-so-reduced scale models of prototypes were done, specifically at 1/2, 1/4 and 1/6 scales, and were subjected to compression [178].…”

Section: Structures For Buildings Using Scale Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on experimental research using scale models for buildings: Application and methodologies

Lirola

Castañeda

Lauret

et al. 2017

Energy and Buildings

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a b s t r a c tA complete review on scale model testing for buildings, considering a wide range of methodologies and new manufacturing techniques, in areas such as statics and dynamics, acoustics, lighting, aerodynamics and thermodynamics for energy efficiency is presented. On the one hand, scale model testing for buildings require different considerations and techniques and are usually focused on one specific physical field contributing to the information scattering. On the other hand, they are sometimes too general, theoretical or unpractical. Although commercial computer simulations are first option among professionals, they necessarily simplify complex phenomena and ignore, among other aspects, size effects and latest findings in fractals. The potential of complementary experiments using new manufactured scale models for buildings is raising, however, it is still missing a practical overview through different physical fields specifically for buildings with these considerations. This review gives a wide perspective and unified scope on uses and possibilities of scale model testing for buildings, from the traditional configurations of Leon Battiste Alberti to new possibilities applying complex physics and new techniques of 3D-modelling.

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The effect of scale on the structural behaviour of masonry under compression

Cited by 40 publications

References 1 publication

Laboratory scale testing of extruded earth masonry units

Laboratory scale testing of extruded earth masonry units

Performance of single skin masonry walls subjected to hydraulic loading

A review on experimental research using scale models for buildings: Application and methodologies

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