The effect of running speed on joint coupling coordination and its variability in recreational runners

Floría, Pablo; Sánchez-Sixto, Alberto; Harrison, Andrew J.; Ferber, Reed

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2019.05.020

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…It must also be acknowledged that the present study relies on investigation of joint kinematics at discrete time points (i.e., key instants). Future studies may therefore extend the current work using methodologies to investigate the continuous time series of kinematic data, such as statistical parametric mapping [40], vector coding [41] or principal component analysis [42], as well as considering other biomechanical principles not explored within this study. Additionally, differences in anthropometric data were not accounted for, where the same angular velocities and joint angles may lead to different linear velocities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Correlational Analysis of Shuttlecock Speed Kinematic Determinants in the Badminton Jump Smash

et al. 2020

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The forehand jump smash is an essential attacking stroke within a badminton player’s repertoire. A key determinate of the stroke’s effectiveness is post-impact shuttlecock speed, and therefore awareness of critical technique factors that impact upon speed is important to players/coaches. Three-dimensional kinematic data of player, racket and shuttlecock were recorded for 18 experienced players performing maximal effort forehand jump smashes. Joint angles and X-factor (transverse plane pelvis-thorax separation) were calculated at key instants: preparation, end of retraction, racket lowest point, turning point and shuttlecock contact. Peak shoulder, elbow, and wrist joint centre linear velocities, phase durations and jump height were also calculated. Correlational analyses were performed with post-impact shuttlecock speed, revealing significant correlations to peak wrist joint centre linear velocity (r = 0.767), acceleration phase duration (r = −0.543), shoulder internal/external rotation angle at shuttlecock contact (r = 0.508) and X-factor at the end of retraction (r = −0.484). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed 43.7% of the variance in shuttlecock speed could be explained by acceleration phase duration and X-factor at the end of retraction, where shorter acceleration phase durations and more negative X-factor at end of retraction caused greater shuttlecock speeds. These results suggest that motions of the proximal segments (shoulder and pelvis–thorax separation) are critical to developing greater distal linear velocities, which subsequently lead to greater post-impact shuttlecock speed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Correlational Analysis of Shuttlecock Speed Kinematic Determinants in the Badminton Jump Smash

et al. 2020

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“…These coordination patterns are commonly assessed through investigating the relative motion between joints or segments of the same limb, providing a measure of intra-limb coordination (Sparrow et al, 1987) that can improve understanding of how gross movement is organised, and for gait, therefore, how the translation of the CM is controlled. Intra-limb coordination analyses have been applied to constant velocity locomotive task such as walking (Chang et al, 2008), running (Hamill et al, 1999;Floría et al, 2019), and maximal velocity sprinting (Gittoes and Wilson, 2010). Vector coding methods (Sparrow et al, 1987;Chang et al, 2008;Needham et al, 2014) output a coupling angle, which can be easily related back to angular motion, providing an intuitive applied method for assessing movement coordination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

World-Class Male Sprinters and High Hurdlers Have Similar Start and Initial Acceleration Techniques

Bezodis

Brazil

Wilkau

et al. 2019

Front. Sports Act. Living

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The effect of the inclusion of a high hurdle 13.72 m after the start line on elite sprint start and initial acceleration technique has yet to be investigated or understood. This highly novel study addresses that lack of information in an exceptional manner, through detailed biomechanical analysis of the world's best sprint and hurdle athletes, with data collected in situ at the 2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships, held in Birmingham, UK. High speed videos (150 Hz) were compared for eight sprinters and seven hurdlers for the start and initial acceleration phase of the finals of the men's 60 m and 60 m hurdles. Temporal and kinematic data were supplemented by vector coding analysis to investigate mechanisms by which these world-class athletes translate their centres of mass (CM) up to the fourth touchdown post-block exit. The sprinters and hurdlers coordinated their lower limb and trunk movement in a similar manner throughout the start and initial acceleration phases, which contributes new conceptual understanding of the mechanisms that underpin start and initial acceleration performance. Differences between groups were initiated from block set-up, with the hurdlers utilising a larger block spacing, but with the front block nearer to the start line than sprinters. Even after accounting for stature, the biggest differences in the raising of the CM occurred during the block phase, with hurdlers greater than sprinters (difference in vertical CM displacement scaled to stature = −0.037, very large effect size). Subsequent flight phases showed the biggest differences in the translation of the CM, in part due to longer flight times in the hurdlers, whilst the techniques of the two groups generally converged during the ground contact phases of initial acceleration. In highlighting that similar techniques are used by world-class sprinters and hurdlers, despite differing task constraints, this study has provided invaluable insights for scientists, coaches, and athletes, that will inform further developments in understanding and practice across both sprints and hurdles.

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“…Assumedly, the greatest impacts on coordination during running should become apparent at times when the neuromuscular system must rapidly decelerate/accelerate the body (e.g. initial contact during stance, stance reversal, and stance to swing transition; see beginning/end of Figures 1 and 2 of Floria et al (2019)). As such, this study found that autistic adolescents demonstrated increased variability during the step-to-step transition phase, namely, loading response compared to the control group (see beginning of each figure in this study).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordination variability during running in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Bennett

Jones

Valenzuela

et al. 2021

Autism

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Autistic persons exhibit variable movement, loading, and coordination patterns during walking. While much research has examined walking, little to no research exists regarding running for autistic persons despite its prevalence and benefits as a mode of physical activity. This study determined if autistic adolescents demonstrate increased coordination variability during running compared to matched controls. Seventeen autistic adolescents (aged = 13–18 years) and seventeen sex, age, and body mass index matched controls performed running at two matched speeds: self-selected of autistic adolescents and at 3.0 m/s. Modified vector coding was used to determine the patterns of movement for foot-shank, shank-thigh, left/right thigh, and contralateral arm-thigh coupling. Coordination variability, measuring cycle-to-cycle variability, was determined during loading response and pushoff phases. Mixed-model analyses of variance were used to determine group by speed interactions and main effects. Coordination variability was nearly 2× larger (all p < 0.001) in autistic adolescents compared to controls. Speed main effects were found for several sagittal plane couples during loading response. In agreement with walking analyses, this study illustrates that autistic adolescents run with increased intra-limb, inter-limb, and cross-body coordination variability. Like walking, increased coordination variability during running may negatively impact this mode of physical activity for autistic persons. Lay abstract Walking and running are popular forms of physical activity that involve the whole body (pelvis/legs and arms/torso) and are coordinated by the neuromuscular system, generally without much conscious effort. However, autistic persons tend not to engage in sufficient amounts of these activities to enjoy their health benefits. Recent reports indicate that autistic individuals tend to experience altered coordination patterns and increased variability during walking tasks when compared to non-autistic controls. Greater stride-to-stride coordination variability, when the task has not changed (i.e. walking at same speed and on same surface), is likely indicative of motor control issues and is more metabolically wasteful. To date, although, research examining running is unavailable in any form for this population. This study aimed to determine if coordination variability during running differs between autistic adolescents and age, sex, and body mass index matched non-autistic controls. This study found that increased variability exists throughout the many different areas of the body (foot-leg, left/right thighs, and opposite arm-opposite thigh) for autistic adolescents compared to controls. Along with previous research, these findings indicate autistic persons exhibit motor control issues across both forms of locomotion (walking and running) and at multiple speeds. These findings highlight issues with motor control that can be addressed by therapeutic/rehabilitative programming. Reducing coordination variability, inherently lessening metabolic inefficiency, may be an important step toward encouraging autistic youth to engage in sufficient physical activity (i.e. running) to enjoy physiological and psychological benefits.

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The effect of running speed on joint coupling coordination and its variability in recreational runners

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

A Correlational Analysis of Shuttlecock Speed Kinematic Determinants in the Badminton Jump Smash

A Correlational Analysis of Shuttlecock Speed Kinematic Determinants in the Badminton Jump Smash

World-Class Male Sprinters and High Hurdlers Have Similar Start and Initial Acceleration Techniques

Coordination variability during running in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

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