The effect of river discharge on the residual circulation in the Eastern Irish Sea

Czitrom, Steven

doi:10.1016/0278-4343(86)90085-3

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Part of this variation is due to tidal advection since the images are recorded at different stages of the tide [Simpson and Bowers, 1981 ]. Czitrom [1986] investigated the relation between river discharge-induced horizontal density gradients and baroclinic circulation, after removal of the tidal signal, in Liverpool Bay. He found that the horizontal density gradients drive a persistent, estuarine-like residual circulation shoreward near the bottom and to the right of the offshore direction, owing to the Coriolis force, near the surface; consistent with theoretical studies such as that of Heaps [1972].…”

Section: Study Area and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sharples and Simpson [ 1995] showed that this is indeed the case for Liverpool Bay and modeled semidiurnal and more persistent stratification events due to tidal straining and residual baroclinic flow, respectively. parameters were also recorded just below the surface at the mooring marker buoy [see Czitrom, 1986]. In addition, data on river discharge were provided by the North-West and Welsh Water Authorities, and rainfall and wind data were provided by the Meteorological Office, United Kingdom, to be used in the interpretation of the observations.…”

Section: Study Area and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An equivalent ratio for the horizontal thermohaline field was obtained using the mooring data to compute the horizontal density gradients and the component of these gradients resulting from the haline field. The density gradients were measured using the procedure described above for singling out a particular column of water in order to identify the thermohaline data at the extremes of the weakest neaps' tidal ellipse [see Czitrom, 1986]. Only the east-west component of the density gradient could be resolved since the tidal ellipse is nearly degenerate and oriented in this direction.…”

Section: Data Set and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intermittent stability and frontogenesis in an area influenced by land runoff

Czitrom¹,

Simpson²

1998

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. A frontal structure in Liverpool Bay was studied using conductivitytemperature-depth (CTD) and current meter data. At times of weak vertical mixing by wind and tides, a density-driven gravity flow, induced by river discharge, distorts the thermohaline field, so that an expanding stratified region develops, bounded offshore by a surface front. Expansion of this frontal structure is increasingly curbed by rotation as a near-geostrophic balance is attained. Owing to friction, the space scale and time scale of frontogenesis are somewhat greater than two internal Rossby radii and an inertial period, respectively. At times of increased mixing, the frontal structure is destroyed and the enhanced friction between layers inhibits gravity flow, hampering the frontogenesis mechanism. Large variability in mixing conditions results in an intermittent frontal structure.

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Section: Study Area and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Area and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Set and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intermittent stability and frontogenesis in an area influenced by land runoff

Czitrom¹,

Simpson²

1998

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…To illustrate the salinity distribution typically observed in the Irish Sea, Figure 2 shows the initial salinity field used in the model simulations (see caption for a description of its derivation). The horizontal gradients in salinity drive an estuarine‐like residual circulation in the eastern Irish Sea [ Heaps , 1972; Czitrom , 1986], and vertical gradients in tidal displacement allow stratification to develop near freshwater sources inshore, such as Liverpool Bay [ Sharples and Simpson , 1995]. Detailed cruise data indicate a sharp transition between the fresher coastal waters (salinity ∼30 practical salinity units (psu)) and more saline Irish Sea waters (salinity ∼34.2 psu [e.g., Jones and Folkard , 1971]), with the frontal location determined by climatic influences such as river discharge and the strength and salinity of Celtic Sea inflows [ Evans et al , 2003].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction and analysis of long‐term variability of temperature and salinity in the Irish Sea

Young

Holt

2007

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] The variability of temperature and salinity in the Irish Sea over the 40 year period 1960-1999 is investigated using a free-running fine-resolution local area model. The skill of the model to represent observed temperature and salinity variability is assessed using conductivity-temperature-depth survey data (3397 profiles) and a long time series of measurements from Cypris station (southwest of Isle of Man). This clearly demonstrates that the model can reproduce the observed seasonal and longer-term cycles in temperature, with mean and RMS errors of À0.01°C and 0.78°C. Particularly apparent is the long-term warming trend at Cypris station and throughout the model domain. Model estimates of salinity are less accurate and are generally too saline (mean and RMS errors are 0.79 and 0.98 practical salinity units). Inaccuracies are likely to arise from boundary conditions and forcing (riverine and surface). However, while absolute values are not particularly well represented, the model reproduces many of the trends in the salinity variability observed at Cypris station, suggesting that the dominant physical processes in the Irish Sea, with timescales up to $3 years, are well represented. The model is also used to investigate the variability in temperature stratification. While stratification is confined to approximately the same geographical area in each year of the simulation, there is significant variability in the timing of the onset and breakdown of stratification and in the peak surface to bed temperature difference. Together, these results suggest that a local area model with limited boundary conditions may be sufficiently accurate for climatic investigation of some (locally forced) parameters.Citation: Young, E. F., and J. T. Holt (2007), Prediction and analysis of long-term variability of temperature and salinity in the Irish Sea,

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“…Apart of the mixing of OM sources (mangrove, terrestrial and marine; , living vs. nonliving sources of POM may vary with vegetation type, estuarine geomorphology, and hydrology, among others. In addition, POC dynamics can be influenced by diverse factors such as water discharge (Chao, 1988;Czitrom, 1986), turbulence (West and Sangodoyin, 1991) and tidal mixing (Hill et al, 1993). OM from different sources is not only transported by coastal rivers through estuaries but it also undergoes transformations before reaching the ocean (Markager et al, 2011;Bristow et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources, Fate and Transformation of Organic Matter in Wetlands and Estuaries

Ya¹

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In this work, DOM characteristics were investigated in different estuaries.Dissolved organic matter source strengths and dynamics were assessed in a seagrassdominated subtropical estuarine lagoon. The primary source of DOM was quantified using the combination of excitation emission matrix fluorescence with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) and stable C isotope analysis. Seagrass can contribute up to 72% of the DOM in the study area. The spatial and temporal variation of DOM dynamics viii was also studied in salt marsh estuary. The data showed that DOM was primarily derived from freshwater marshes and controlled by hydrology while salt marsh plants play a significant role in the distribution patterns of DOM quality and quantity. The OM dynamics was also investigated in a mangrove-dominate estuary and a comparative study was conducted between the DOM and POM pools. The results revealed both similarity and dissimilarity in DOM and POM composition. The dynamics of both OM pools are largely uncoupled as a result of source differences. Fringe mangrove export similar amounts of DOM and POM and should be considered as an important source in coastal C budgets. Lastly, chemical characterizations were conducted on the featured fluorescence component in OM in an attempt to better understand the composition and origins of the specific PARAFAC component. The traditionally defined 'protein-like' fluorescence was found to contain both proteinaceous and phenolic compounds, suggesting that the application of this parameter as a proxy for amino acid content and bioavailability may be limited.

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The effect of river discharge on the residual circulation in the Eastern Irish Sea

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Intermittent stability and frontogenesis in an area influenced by land runoff

Intermittent stability and frontogenesis in an area influenced by land runoff

Prediction and analysis of long‐term variability of temperature and salinity in the Irish Sea

Sources, Fate and Transformation of Organic Matter in Wetlands and Estuaries

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