The effect of rivastigmine on the LPS-induced suppression of GnRH/LH secretion during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle in ewes

Herman, Anna; Krawczyńska, Agata; Bochenek, Joanna; Haziak, Karolina; Romanowicz, Katarzyna; Misztal, Tomasz; Antushevich, Hanna; Herman, Andrzej Przemysław; Tomaszewska-Zaremba, Dorota

doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.03.005

Cited by 30 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Moreover, in animals treated together with Neostigmine and LPS the circulating level of LH was higher than in the control group. The study supports the results of our previous experiment on ewes which showed that systemic AChE inhibitor successfully reduced negative effect of inflammation on LH secretion in the follicular phase ewes [13]. On the other hand, no effect of either AChE inhibitors or acute immune stress was found upon the circulating concentration of FSH.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The majority of GnRH-ergic neurons send their axonal projection to the median eminence (ME) where GnRH is released to the hypophyseal portal system [2]. The hypothalamic structures such as the POA, AHA, MBH, and ME were dissected according to stereotaxic atlas of the sheep brain [18] as it was described elsewhere [13]. Landmarks were the mammillary body, median eminence, and optic chiasm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vivo study also showed that blockade of AChE activity reduced synthesis of IL-1 β during peripheral inflammation in mouse [11] and sheep [12] hypothalamus. Moreover, our previous study on ewes showed that the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway by Rivastigmine may abolish the inhibitory effect of LPS administration on the GnRH/LH secretion and reduced the release of stress markers such as cortisol and prolactin [13]. However, Rivastigmine, AChE inhibitor used in this study, exhibits the systemic action; therefore, it blocks the AChE activity both in the brain parenchyma and in the periphery, because it easily crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peripheral Inhibitor of AChE, Neostigmine, Prevents the Inflammatory Dependent Suppression of GnRH/LH Secretion during the Follicular Phase of the Estrous Cycle

Herman

Skipor

Krawczyńska

et al. 2017

BioMed Research International

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The study was designed to test the hypothesis that the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity at the periphery by Neostigmine (0.5 mg/animal) will be sufficient to prevent inflammatory dependent suppression of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/luteinising hormone (LH) secretion in ewes in the follicular phase of the estrous cycle, and this effect will be comparable with the systemic AChE inhibitor, Donepezil (2.5 mg/animal). An immune/inflammatory challenge was induced by peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 400 ng/kg). Peripheral treatment with Donepezil and Neostigmine prevented the LPS-induced decrease (P < 0.05) in LHβ gene expression in the anterior pituitary gland (AP) and in LH release. Moreover, Donepezil completely abolished (P < 0.05) the suppressory effect of inflammation on GnRH synthesis in the preoptic area, when pretreatment with Neostigmine reduced (P < 0.05) the decrease in GnRH content in this hypothalamic structure. Moreover, administration of both AChE inhibitors diminished (P < 0.05) the inhibitory effect of LPS treatment on the expression of GnRH receptor in the AP. Our study shows that inflammatory dependent changes in the GnRH/LH secretion may be eliminated or reduced by AChE inhibitors suppressing inflammatory reaction only at the periphery such as Neostigmine, without the need for interfering in the central nervous system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peripheral Inhibitor of AChE, Neostigmine, Prevents the Inflammatory Dependent Suppression of GnRH/LH Secretion during the Follicular Phase of the Estrous Cycle

Herman

Skipor

Krawczyńska

et al. 2017

BioMed Research International

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“…Indeed, acetylcholine itself reduces LPS-induced release of IL1b and TNFa. Furthermore, rivastigmine reverses LPS-induced suppression of GNRH and GNRH-R mRNA levels in the ME as well as LHB and GNRHR mRNA levels in the pituitary (Herman et al 2013b).…”

Section: Host Responses In the Brain Associated With Uterine Diseasementioning

confidence: 90%

“…However, there are also effects within the pituitary gland as LPS lowers LH responses to exogenous GNRH (Karsch et al 2002). Indeed, treatment of ewes with LPS suppresses the expression of genes encoding GNRH receptor (GNRHR) and LHb (Herman et al 2013b). However, the peripheral plasma concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone are unaffected by uterine disease in cattle (Sheldon et al 2002).…”

Section: Host Responses In the Brain Associated With Uterine Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Innate immunity and inflammation of the bovine female reproductive tract in health and disease

Sheldon¹,

Cronin²,

Healey³

et al. 2014

Reproduction

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100

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Mammalian reproductive physiology and the development of viviparity co-evolved with inflammation and immunity over millennia. Many inflammatory mediators contribute to paracrine and endocrine signalling, and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in the female reproductive tract. However, inflammation is also a feature of microbial infections of the reproductive tract. Bacteria and viruses commonly cause endometritis, perturb ovarian follicle development and suppress the endocrine activity of the hypothalamus and pituitary in cattle. Innate immunity is an evolutionary ancient system that orchestrates host cell inflammatory responses aimed at eliminating pathogens and repairing damaged tissue. Pattern recognition receptors on host cells bind pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, leading to the activation of intracellular MAPK and NFkB signalling pathways and the release of inflammatory mediators. Inflammatory mediators typically include the interleukin cytokines IL1b and IL6, chemokines such as IL8, interferons and prostaglandins. This review outlines the mechanisms of inflammation and innate immunity in the bovine female reproductive tract during health and disease condition.

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The Metritis Complex in Cattle

Sheldon¹,

Sheldon²

2019

Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics

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Retained fetal membranesRetained fetal membranes (RFM) are defined as the failure of an animal to expel the fetal membranes, within 24 hours of the end of parturition. Retained placenta is an alternative name used for RFM. There is some variation in the literature about the duration of retention that defines the clinical disorder. Some prefer to define retention as being for12 hours, but the timing is arbitrary and most normal cows expel the fetal membranes within a few hours of parturition. The incidence of RFM varies amongst herds, but is typically 5 to 10% of animals.The importance of RFM is that they are associated with reduced milk yield and an increased risk of metritis. MetritisMetritis is most common within 10 days of parturition. Metritis is characterized by an enlarged uterus and a watery red-brown fluid, to viscous off-white purulent, uterine discharge, which often has a fetid odour (Sheldon et al 2006). The incidence of metritis varies between breed, country and herd, but in a study of the records from 97,318 cows in the USA, the lactation incidence of metritis, including RFM, was 21% (Zwald et al 2004). However, in some studies the incidence is as high as 40% of the herd. The associated clinical signs are used to classify the severity of disease, which varies from unapparent disease to fatal toxaemic metritis. Clinical endometritisClinical endometritis is defined as the presence of a purulent uterine discharge detectable in the vagina of cattle 21 days or more postpartum, or a mucopurulent discharge detectable in the vagina after 26 days postpartum (Sheldon et al 2006). The incidence of clinical endometritis is around 10 to 20%, with variation between breed, country and herd; a typical study reported that 16.9% of 1,865 dairy cows were affected in Canada (LeBlanc et al

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The effect of rivastigmine on the LPS-induced suppression of GnRH/LH secretion during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle in ewes

Cited by 30 publications

References 48 publications

Peripheral Inhibitor of AChE, Neostigmine, Prevents the Inflammatory Dependent Suppression of GnRH/LH Secretion during the Follicular Phase of the Estrous Cycle

Peripheral Inhibitor of AChE, Neostigmine, Prevents the Inflammatory Dependent Suppression of GnRH/LH Secretion during the Follicular Phase of the Estrous Cycle

Innate immunity and inflammation of the bovine female reproductive tract in health and disease

The Metritis Complex in Cattle

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