The effect of repeated doses of temazepam and nitrazepam on human psychomotor performance.

Tedeschi, Gioacchino; Griffiths, A; Smith, Andrew T.; Richens, A.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1985.tb05078.x

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Despite the robustness of this effect, marked variability (as great as fourfold) in the magnitude of saccade peak velocity slowing after single administration of benzodiazepines has been reported (van Steveninck et al, 1992). Studies have established that peak saccade velocity is also a sensitive indicator of tolerance effects that emerge over chronic vs. acute exposure (Griffiths, Tedeschi, & Richens, 1986; Tedeschi, Griffiths, Smith, & Richens, 1985). …”

Section: Pharmacologic Effects On Eye Movements In Healthy Individmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological treatment effects on eye movement control

Reilly

Lencer

Bishop

et al. 2008

Brain and Cognition

204

142

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The increasing use of eye movement paradigms to assess the functional integrity of brain systems involved in sensorimotor and cognitive processing in clinical disorders requires greater attention to effects of pharmacological treatments on these systems. This is needed to better differentiate disease and medication effects in clinical samples, to learn about neurochemical systems relevant for identified disturbances, and to facilitate identification of oculomotor biomarkers of pharmacological effects. In this review, studies of pharmacologic treatment effects on eye movements in healthy individuals are summarized and the sensitivity of eye movements to a variety of pharmacological manipulations is established. Primary findings from these studies of healthy individuals involving mainly acute effects indicate that: (i) the most consistent finding across several classes of drugs, including benzodiazepines, first- and second-generation antipsychotics, anticholinergic agents, and anticonvulsant/mood stabilizing medications is a decrease in saccade and smooth pursuit velocity (or increase in saccades during pursuit); (ii) these oculomotor effects largely reflect the general sedating effects of these medications on central nervous system functioning and are often dose-dependent; (iii) in many cases changes in oculomotor functioning are more sensitive indicators of pharmacological effects than other measures; and (iv) other agents, including the antidepressant class of serotonergic reuptake inhibitors, direct serotonergic agonists, and stimulants including amphetamine and nicotine, do not appear to adversely impact oculomotor functions in healthy individuals and may well enhance aspects of saccade and pursuit performance. Pharmacological treatment effects on eye movements across several clinical disorders including schizophrenia, affective disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease are also reviewed. While greater recognition and investigation into pharmacological treatment effects in these disorders is needed, both beneficial and adverse drug effects are identified. This raises the important caveat for oculomotor studies of neuropsychiatric disorders that performance differences from healthy individuals cannot be attributed to illness effects alone. In final sections of this review, studies are presented that illustrate the utility of eye movements for use as potential biomarkers in pharmacodynamic and pharmacogenetic studies. While more systematic studies are needed, we conclude that eye movement measurements hold significant promise as tools to investigate treatment effects on cognitive and sensorimotor processes in clinical populations and that their use may be helpful in speeding the drug development pathway for drugs targeting specific neural systems and in individualizing pharmacological treatments.

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Section: Pharmacologic Effects On Eye Movements In Healthy Individmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological treatment effects on eye movement control

Reilly

Lencer

Bishop

et al. 2008

Brain and Cognition

204

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nitrazepam accumulated over the period of the study due to its long elimination half-life, while temazepam, with a shorter elimination half-life did not. Hence the benzodiazepine receptors in the central nervous system were I I I I 22.00 23.00 07.00 10.00 Night 6 exposed for much longer periods to a high concentration of benzodiazepine agonist following nitrazepam, than with temazepam; giving more opportunity for tolerance to develop following nitrazepam than following temazepam (18). The speed with which tolerance develops is of clinical significance as it will govern the period for which benzodiazepines are therapeutically effective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of repeated doses of temazepam and nitrazepam on several measures of human performance

Griffiths

Tedeschi

Richens

1986

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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The effects of six nightly doses of temazepam (20 mg), nitrazepam (10 mg) and placebo on saccadic eye movements, critical flicker fusion threshold, choice reaction time and mood were studied in eight volunteers. Performance was measured on nights 1 and 6 of each treatment. Nitrazepam produced a residual performance impairment on night 1 that disappeared by night 6, despite higher serum concentrations of the drug on the sixth night of treatment. Temazepam, with a shorter elimination half-life, produced no significant performance impairment on night 1, but by night 6 a significant impairment of saccadic eye movements (p < 0.05) was seen 1 hour after drug intake. We conclude that tolerance to the sedative action of nitrazepam developed over the 6-night period of the study. No evidence of tolerance was seen with temazepam. No residual effects of temazepam (20 mg) were seen the morning after the night-time drug administration.

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“…Ingen studier oppfylte de fastsatte kriteriene til "trafikkrelevante" tester, men flere studier gav relevant informasjon for å kunne fastsette grenser (93,(98)(99)(100). Dose respons-effekt er vist for nitrazepam.…”

Section: Nitrazepamunclassified

Misvisende om cannabis og trafikkfare

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2018

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The effect of repeated doses of temazepam and nitrazepam on human psychomotor performance.

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Pharmacological treatment effects on eye movement control

Pharmacological treatment effects on eye movement control

The effects of repeated doses of temazepam and nitrazepam on several measures of human performance

Misvisende om cannabis og trafikkfare

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