Analysis of human horizontal saccadic eye movements can provide measurements of central nervous system depression and stimulation. Effects on saccadic eye movements have been observed in normal volunteers with barbiturates, benzodiazepines, opiates and related compounds, carbamazepine, amphetamine and ethanol. A suite of programmes have been developed to allow the generation, collection and analysis of saccadic eye movements using a CBM 3032, 8032 or BBC B microcomputer. The system allows almost continuous sampling and rapid analysis of movements.
A total of 208 women were assessed 2 years' post-delivery to record the prevalence of subjective urinary and faecal incontinence, incontinence of flatus, dyspareunia, subjective depression and sexual satisfaction. This was correlated with mode of delivery. A sample population was selected from the Cardiff Birth Survey Database, in accordance with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each woman was invited to complete and return a postal questionnaire addressing symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction. There was a significant decrease in sexual satisfaction scores in women who underwent vaginal delivery in comparison with those who underwent elective caesarean section at 2 years follow-up. There was also a significant increase in the prevalence of urinary incontinence, incontinence of flatus, dyspareunia and subjective depression in women who underwent vaginal delivery.
To assess the proportion of women found to have rectovaginal endometriosis who underwent a previous laparoscopy with negative findings, a 5-year retrospective observational study was carried out at the University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff UK, from 2001 to 2005. A total of 61 cases with potential symptoms of rectovaginal endometriosis who underwent laparoscopy were identified. Rectovaginal endometriosis was identified in 16 of these cases. Previous laparoscopy was carried out in 33 of these 61 cases. In the group of women found to have rectovaginal endometriosis, 14 cases of rectovaginal endometriosis were not identified by pre-referral laparoscopy. This study supports the anecdotal idea that rectovaginal endometriosis is an often missed diagnosis at the time of laparoscopy. Diagnostic laparoscopy by generalist gynaecologists frequently fails to diagnose rectovaginal endometriosis. The routine use of rectal probes at laparoscopy is recommended to increase diagnostic accuracy.
1 The cognitive function and psychomotor performance of 10 healthy male volunteers were measured following single oral doses of: zopiclone (7.5 mg), flurazepam (15 mg), lormetazepam (1 mg), triazolam (0.25 mg) and placebo. 2 The performance tests selected (stroop task, five choice serial reaction time, memory span, logical reasoning, mood and saccadic eye movement analysis) were thought to reflect aspects of normal daily activity. 3 The tests demonstrated a clear reduction of performance for all active treatments. No drug emerged as the most potent sedative overall, as each of the tests was affected to a different degree by each drug. 4 Drug effects were not qualitatively different between active treatments so that zopiclone was indistinguishable from the three benzodiazepines with which it was compared.
There is limited evidence to suggest that there is no difference in fertility efficacy outcome if fibroids are removed via laparotomy when compared to laparoscopy. There is no good randomised controlled evidence to support hysteroscopic removal of fibroids compared to other surgical modalities for fertility efficacy.
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