The Effect of Reduced Light Intensity on the Aerial and Subterranean Parts of the European Bindweed

Bakke, A. L.; Gaessler, W. G.

doi:10.1104/pp.20.2.246

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The increase in chlorophyll b caused a signifi cant decline in the chlorophyll alb ratio in leaves growing under the 92% shade treatment. Decreasing chlorophyll alb ratios in response to shade have been previously docu mented (2,3,12). The increase in the relative proportion of chlorophyll b may be an adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to shade.…”

Section: Shade (%)mentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The potential of shade for suppressing weed growth has been demonstrated (2,14,17,20,21). In 1945, Davis et al (11) suggested that cultivatiort and the shade provided by grain sorghum were instrumental in controlling silverleaf nightshade after 3 yr. Plant height, dry matter accumulation, and reproduction are usually diminished by shade (2,6,14,17,20,21). Relative and total pigment content and leaf anatomy may also be altered by shade (3,4,7,8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reducing irradiance brings about a decline in relative photosynthetic rates (4,8,19). Shade may also impair the regrowth potential of perennial weeds by depleting the carbohydrates stored in their vegetative reproductive structures (2,17). Shaded plants may use existing carbohydrate reserves to maintain growth during periods of declining photosynthate produc tion (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Shade on Silverleaf Nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium)

Boyd¹

1982

Weed sci.

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Plants started with seed, 'seedlings', and established plants of silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifoliumCav.) were grown in the field under shade levels of 0, 47, 63, and 92% of full sunlight to determine vegetative, reproductive, and physiological responses to shade. Dry-matter production of both 'seedling’ and established plants declined markedly with increasing shade levels. Established plants did not bear fruit under 92% shade, and 63% shade prevented fruit production by 'seedlings'. Taproots of plants grown in full sunlight contained 16% more total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) per gram dry weight than taproots of plants grown under 92% shade. Leaves of established plants grown under moderate shade had significantly more chlorophyll per unit leaf fresh weight than plants grown in full sunlight; however, plants under heavy (92%) shade had 35% less chlorophyll per unit leaf area than unshaded plants. The chlorophylla/bratio of the 92%-shaded plants was significantly less than with other treatments. Leaf area increased, with increasing shade; however, leaf weight per unit area decreased because of thinner leaves. Photosynthetic rates of recently expanded leaves were 10.4, 4.6, 3.3, and 0.9 mg CO2· dm−2· h−1for the 0, 47, 63, and 92% shade treatments, respectively.

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Section: Shade (%)mentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Shade on Silverleaf Nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium)

Boyd¹

1982

Weed sci.

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“…This method has been used for studying the effect of reduced illumination upon the growth of Scilla non-scripta Hoffm. and Link (Blackman and Rutter, 1947), and on Convolvtths arvensis L. (Bakke and Gaessler, 1945).…”

Section: Experiments 3 Effect Of Reduced Illumination During the Summmentioning

confidence: 96%

STUDIES IN THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE RHIZOME OF AGROPTRON REPENS(L.) BEAUV.

Palmer

1958

New Phytologist

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(1) The mode of growth of the rhizomatous grass Agropyron repens (Couch Grass) is described. The plant produces new rhizomes in the spring from basal lateral buds. The tip of each rhizome grows in a horizontal direction below the soil surface during the spring and summer before erecting in the autumn to form a primary aerial shoot. This shoot develops into a mature plant during the following year. By sampling a mature stand of Agropyron plants it is shown that the development of the primary shoot is marked by the production of a succession of leaves, internodes and lateral shoots which vary in length or form according to a well‐defined pattern. Usually 7 lateral buds at the base of the primary shoot grow out in the spring to form lateral shoots. Of these, the four most basal ones develop into rhizomes and the remainder into tillers. Plants growing in open communities develop differently in that secondary tillers and rhizomes are formed during the first growing season. Rhizome growth is not related to flower formation. (2) From experiments it is found that: (a) Rhizome growth can be induced during the winter under warm greenhouse conditions by increasing the intensity of illumination of the plants to within the range 500–2000 ft. candles. (b) No rhizome growth occurs under natural conditions when the illumination intensity is reduced to approximately 3 per cent of the noon summer value. (c) When rhizome growth is induced to begin approximately 4 weeks prematurely, then rhizome growth ceases in Mid‐July. (3) These results are discussed. It is concluded that rhizome growth is dependent upon the plant being brightly illuminated and that rhizome initiation in the spring is controlled by environmental factors, while rhizome cessation among plants in closed communities is most probably the result of the parent aerial shoots becoming senescent. The problem of the orientation of the rhizome and its depth adjustment in the soil will be considered in a later paper. The work described here was carried out in the University of Sheffield, England. The author is indebted to Professor A. R. Clapham for much invaluable advice and criticism. Grateful acknowledgment is made to the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research for a maintenance allowance which made this investigation possible.

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“…With respect to habitat, field bindweed grows in a variety of environments including lawns and gardens, roadsides and railways, industrial sites, pastures, annual cropping systems (especially under reduced tillage), and vineyards and orchards that are not heavily shaded (Weaver and Riley 1982). Field bindweed is considered intolerant to shade, although the species' climbing response is induced under low-light conditions (Bakke and Gaessler 1945;Gianoli 2001). According to Zouhar (2004), field bindweed has the potential to invade many types of ecosystems and plant communities after disturbance.…”

Section: History and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%