Effects of Shade on Silverleaf Nightshade (<i>Solanum elaeagnifolium</i>)

Boyd, John W.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500040509

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Other studies have also shown that shade limits sexual reproduction in both clonal (e.g. Boyd & Murray 1982; Dall'Armellina & Zimdahl 1988) and non‐clonal plants (e.g. Benvenuti et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of light quantity and quality on growth and reproduction of a clonal sedge,Cyperus esculentus

Li¹,

Shibuya²,

Yogo³

et al. 2001

Plant Species Biology

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Canopy shade reduces light quantity and quality, and hence affects plant growth and development. In order to investigate the respective effects of varying light quantity and quality on a clonal plant Cyperus esculentus, a controlled-environment study was conducted in growth chambers, in which four light environments were created using either green filters or neutral shade cloth. The experiment was harvested five times at approximately 2-week intervals after transplanting. Results revealed that numbers of ramets and tubers, total leaf area, and the branching index of rhizomes were affected only by light quantity, while leaf and sheath lengths, leaf area ratio, leaf blade weight fraction, sheath weight fraction, stalk weight fraction, internode length of rhizomes, number of rhizomes, node number of rhizomes, total dry weight, percentage of flowering ramets, and flower weight fraction were affected by both light quality and quantity. Light quantity or quality had little influence on rhizome length, biomass allocation to rhizomes and tubers, and the ratio of tuber number to rhizome number. It is concluded that light quality and quantity had significant effects on growth, sexual reproduction (i.e. the percentage of flowering ramets and sexual reproductive allocation) and associated traits, but did not affect relative vegetative reproduction or storage (i.e. the tuber weight fractions and the fraction of rhizomes differentiated into tubers) in C. esculentus. Therefore, light quantity and quality have differential effects on the growth and morphology of C. esculentus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of light quantity and quality on growth and reproduction of a clonal sedge,Cyperus esculentus

Li¹,

Shibuya²,

Yogo³

et al. 2001

Plant Species Biology

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“…While a considerable amount of research has been carried out to explore the way competition between crops and weeds affects growth responses (Patterson, 1979;Boyd & Murray, 1982;Bubar & Morrison, 1984;DeH'Armellina & Zimdahl, 1988), very little work has been done on how weed reproduction is affected (Stoller & Mayers, 1989). Analytical study of environmental factors is extremely important in investigation of weed reproduction and survival, since they influence both seed production and seed rain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of shade on reproduction and some morphological characteristics oi Abutilon theophrasti Medicos, Datura stramonium L. and Sorghum halepense L. Pers.

Benvenuti

Macchia²,

Stefani

1994

Weed Research

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Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung Relations between availability of light and reproductive activity in several of the most damaging summer weeds (Abutilon theophrasti Medicus, Datura stramonium L., Sorghum halepense L. Pers.) were studied, in order to investigate seed production capacity of these weed species in the unfavourable conditions occurring under a crop canopy simulated by shade cloths. Decrease in seed production under shading appeared to be due to a decrease in the number of fruits per plant, while the quantity of seed per fruit proved to be fairly stable. Biomass partitioning within the plant reduced the percentage of dry matter accumulated in reproductive organs, leading to a marked decrease in the harvest index. Further‐more, shading caused a species‐dependent delay in onset of the flowering and ripening stages. In Datura stramonium shading led to a greater de‐crease in seed production and, consequently, in the harvest index than in the other species examined. Finally, laboratory tests demonstrated that the percentage of dormant seeds remained unmodified in all species examined. Effet de l'ombragesur la reproduction et quelques caracteristiques morphologiques de Abutilon theophrasti Medicus, Datura stramonium E. et Sorghum halepense L. Pers. Les relations entre la fourniture de lumière et l'activité reproductrice de quelques unes des mauvaises herbes les plus importantes (Abutilon tiieophrasti Medicus, Datura stramonium L., Sorghum halepense L. Pers.) ont étéétudiées en vue de déterminer leur capacitéà produire des graines dans les conditions défavorables qui prévalent sous les couverts végétaux. La diminution de la production de graines était due à une diminution du nombre de fruit par plante, alors que la quantité de graines par fruits restait à peu près stable. La distribution de la biomasse dans la plante conduisait à une diminution du pour‐centage de matière seche accumulée dans les organes reproducteurs, ce qui se traduisait par une diminution de l'indice de récolte. De plus, l'ombrage causait un retard (variable selon l'espece) du début de la floraison et de la maturation. Chez Datura stramonium, l'ombrage conduisait à la réduction la plus importante de la production de graines (et par conséquent de l'indice de récolte). Enfin, des tests en laboratoire ont montré que le pourcentage de graines dormantes n'était modifie chez aucune des espèces testées. Einfluß von Beschattung auf Vermehrung und morphologische Eigenschaften von Abutilon theophrasti Medicus, Datura stramonium E. und Sorghum halepense (E.) Pers. An einigen sommerannuellen Unkräutem (Abutilon theophrasti Medicus, Datura stramonium L. und Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.) wurde die Beziehung zwischen der Lichtverfügbarkeit und der Samenproduktion dieser Arten unter den ungünstigen Bedingungen der Beschattung in einem Kulturpflanzenbestand, die durch Beschattungsgewebe simuliert wurde, untersucht. Die Abnahme der Samenproduktion bei Beschattung ist durch die geringere Fruchtzahl pro Pflanze bedingt; die Samenzahl pro Frucht erwies sic...

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“…It is estimated that each silverleaf nightshade plant can produce 40–60 fruits and each mature fruit contains 24–149 seeds (Boyd & Murray 1982a). The soil seed bank of silverleaf nightshade can persist for at least 10 years (Boyd & Murray 1982a). Silverleaf nightshade seedlings usually emerge after heavy rainfall between spring and autumn (Stanton et al .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Time of emergence impacts the growth and reproduction of silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.)

Zhu

Stanton

et al. 2013

Weed Biology and Management

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Silverleaf nightshade is one of the worst agricultural weeds on a worldwide basis. Improved understanding of its life cycle will be useful for weed management.This research showed that the growth and reproduction of silverleaf nightshade were affected significantly by the time of emergence. Plants (both root-and seed-generated) that emerged early in the growing season, such as in September or November (spring), were significantly taller and produced more biomass and fruit than plants that emerged in January (summer) and March (autumn). Delayed emergence resulted in a shorter vegetative phase and less fruit production. As a result, the silverleaf nightshade plants that emerged in September produced a large amount of seeds, while the plants that emerged later in the season did not flower. Thus, control of early-emerging plants is important.The dynamics of fruit production indicated that silverleaf nightshade fruit formed in December and peaked in March, which suggests that a control action is required before December to control the soil seed bank.

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Effects of Shade on Silverleaf Nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium)

Cited by 26 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of light quantity and quality on growth and reproduction of a clonal sedge,Cyperus esculentus

Effects of light quantity and quality on growth and reproduction of a clonal sedge,Cyperus esculentus

Effects of shade on reproduction and some morphological characteristics oi Abutilon theophrasti Medicos, Datura stramonium L. and Sorghum halepense L. Pers.

Time of emergence impacts the growth and reproduction of silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.)

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