The effect of preoperative oral carprofen on postoperative pain in dogs undergoing knee surgery

Gaynor, JS; Wander, Kathy W.; Mallinckrodt, Craig; Baker, Glenn L.; Brevard, Sean

doi:10.1046/j.1467-2995.2002.00078_15.x

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Therefore, the decreased amount of opioid analgesic needed will, intuitively, lead to less patient morbidity and greater client satisfaction. Although human reports support the use of NSAIDs after orthopedic surgery, the results in the veterinary literature have been conflicting 6,7,13,22–25,28 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigations evaluating carprofen's efficacy for the treatment of acute postoperative pain have been less consistent. Previous reports have shown no significant difference in pain severity when oral carprofen was compared to a placebo and administered perioperatively after cranial cruciate ligament repair 6,7 . By contrast, the analgesic effect using the injectable formulation of carprofen for postoperative pain control is reported to be more reliable when used in dogs and cats after various orthopedic and soft tissue surgeries 13,23–25 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, because dogs are unable to verbally report whether or not they are experiencing pain, let alone its severity, all pain scores that include modifications to a VAS are subjective. Physiologic variables (heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, pupil dilation, and serum epinephrine, norepinephrine, β‐endorphin, and cortisol levels) are limited because they measure not only the patient's level of pain but also their level of stress, fear, sedation, and can be affected by certain health conditions 1,6–12 . In addition, physiologic variables have been shown to have no correlation with VAS or combination pain scores 1 and to date no single readily acquired physiologic measurement has been consistently established as the standard for pain severity detection in cats or dogs 1,8,10–11,13–16 …”

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Assessing the Efficacy of Perioperative Oral Carprofen after Cranial Cruciate Surgery Using Noninvasive, Objective Pressure Platform Gait Analysis

et al. 2004

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Assessing the Efficacy of Perioperative Oral Carprofen after Cranial Cruciate Surgery Using Noninvasive, Objective Pressure Platform Gait Analysis

et al. 2004

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“…The pain caused by OHE can persist in the postoperative period for at least 24 h (Fox et al 2000). Postoperative pain or surgical stress response may also cause mental suffering, muscle atrophy, weight loss, impaired respiratory function, increased blood pressure and other complications (Firth and Haldane 1999;Gaynor et al 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Tolfenamic acid and meloxicam both provide an adequate degree of postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy

Hu¹,

Luan²,

Guan³

et al. 2017

Vet. Med. - Czech

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This study was aimed at comparing the postoperative analgesic effects of tolfenamic acid and meloxicam in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Ovariohysterectomy was performed in 24 female dogs. All dogs were administered pre-anaesthetic medication comprised of 0.02 mg/kg i.m. acepromazine, and general anaesthesia was induced with i.v. propofol (4-6 mg/kg) and maintained with 1.5-2.0% isoflurane. Dogs were divided into three groups (n = 8). Following induction of anaesthesia, group C received 0.05 ml/kg sterile saline i.m.; group T received 4 mg/kg tolfenamic acid i.m.; group M received 0.2 mg/kg meloxicam s.c. Heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, mean arterial pressure and arterial oxygen saturation of haemoglobin were monitored intraoperatively. Pain was assessed using the short form of the Glasgow composite pain scale (SF-GCPS) by two observers who were blinded to the treatment groups; pain was assessed at the time of pre-medication (baseline), and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h after extubation. Rescue analgesia (0.2 mg/kg i.m. methadone) was administered to any dog with an SF-GCPS score of greater than or equal to six during postoperative monitoring. The pain score in group C was significantly higher compared with group T and group M at 4, 6 and 8 h, while there were no significant differences between the two treatment groups. The mean pain score in group C was also higher than that in group M at 2 h. Rescue analgesia was first administered at 4 h in group C. Rescue analgesia was required by significantly more dogs in group C (n = 8) compared with groups T (n = 0) and M (n = 1), but there was no significant difference between the two treatment groups. Thus, tolfenamic acid and meloxicam provide adequate postoperative analgesia to similar degrees over 24 h in healthy dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

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“…Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) relieve pain by reducing prostaglandin (PG) synthesis via inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) production. Carprofen and meloxicam preferentially inhibit COX-2, which promotes production of PG, a mediator of inflammation [2,5,7]. Prolonged oral administration of carprofen or meloxicam in dogs is rarely associated with the development of adverse reactions; however, when reactions do occur, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia have been emphasized [3,6,9,11].…”

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Hepatocellular Toxicosis Associated with the Alternate Administration of Carprofen and Meloxicam in a Siberian Husky

Nakagawa

Yamagami

Takemura

2005

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A 4-year-old female Siberian Husky was diagnosed with pyogranulomatous steatitis at the site of a recurrence of left anal sac rupture (day 1). Carprofen and orbifloxacin were given for 13 days without improvement. A single dose of meloxicam was administered prior to surgical resection of the anal sac, and based on elevated liver enzyme activity, liver supportive therapy was initiated. The dog received carprofen and orbifloxacin orally on the evening of day 14. The dog became anorectic the following morning, and began vomiting. Despite supportive therapy, the dog was unresponsive to treatment and died on day 16. Postmortem examination revealed severe vacuolar change and acute necrosis of hepatocytes consistent with carprofen and meloxicam induced-toxicosis. KEY WORDS: canine, drug-intoxication, NSAIDs.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 67(10): 1051-1053, 2005 Appropriate pain management is essential to improving patient quality of life. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) relieve pain by reducing prostaglandin (PG) synthesis via inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) production. Carprofen and meloxicam preferentially inhibit COX-2, which promotes production of PG, a mediator of inflammation [2,5,7]. Prolonged oral administration of carprofen or meloxicam in dogs is rarely associated with the development of adverse reactions; however, when reactions do occur, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia have been emphasized [3,6,9,11]. In addition, carprofen-induced hepatotoxicity has also been reported as an occasional adverse reaction, with some cases of canine fatality reported [10,12]. However, there have been no reports of hepatotoxicity caused by alternate administration of carprofen and meloxicam. The present paper describes the case of a Siberian Husky that died of acute hepatocellular necrosis associated with alternate administration of carprofen and meloxicam.A 4-year-old intact female Siberian Husky weighing 27.8 kg was presented with the chief complaint of anorexia and rupture of a mass located on the left ventral side of the anus. The patient had experienced the same problem twice in the past year. For the first event, the patient was given carprofen (4 mg/kg sid PO) and orbifloxacin (5 mg/kg sid PO) for 24 days. Complete blood count (CBC) and blood chemical analysis 17 days after initiation of medication revealed increases in alanine aminotransferase (ALT: 410 U/l; reference range: 10 to 118 U/l) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST: 316 U/l; reference range: 12 to 43 U/l) activities. Glutathione, ursodeoxycholic acid, and taurine were subsequently given orally for 1 week. Three months after cessation of carprofen and orbifloxacin administration, ALT activity had decreased to 38.3 U/l. For the second event, the patient was given the same medication for 1 week, and blood analysis was not performed. However, the dog did not show any clinical signs of adverse reaction to the medications. The dog had been inoculated with an eight-in-one combination vaccine containing antigens of Leptospira canicola, L. copenhageni, L...

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The effect of preoperative oral carprofen on postoperative pain in dogs undergoing knee surgery

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Assessing the Efficacy of Perioperative Oral Carprofen after Cranial Cruciate Surgery Using Noninvasive, Objective Pressure Platform Gait Analysis

Assessing the Efficacy of Perioperative Oral Carprofen after Cranial Cruciate Surgery Using Noninvasive, Objective Pressure Platform Gait Analysis

Tolfenamic acid and meloxicam both provide an adequate degree of postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy

Hepatocellular Toxicosis Associated with the Alternate Administration of Carprofen and Meloxicam in a Siberian Husky

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