The effect of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes in urban care settings in Urmia-Iran

Abstract

BackgroundNutritional status of women has been considered an important prognostic indicator of pregnancy outcomes. Few studies have evaluated patterns of weight gain and pre-pregnancy body mass index in developing regions where malnutrition and poor weight gain as well as maternal obesity have significant influences on the pregnancy outcome. This study aims to show effect of pregnancy body mass index and the corresponding gestational weight gain on the outcome of pregnancy.MethodsOn a prospective cross sectional study, two hundred and seventy women from urban areas of Northwest Iran were recruited for participation during their first eight weeks of pregnancy. Body mass index (BMI) was categorized and gestational weight gain was divided into two groups of normal and abnormal based on recommendations of Institute of Medicine (IOM) published in 1990. Chi square and one way ANOVA were used in the univariate analysis of the association between weight gain and corresponding adverse outcomes including cesarean, preterm labor and low neonatal birth weight. Adjusted odds ratios for adverse outcomes were determined by multiple logistic regression models, while controlling for the following factors: maternal age, parity, and education.ResultsBoth pre-pregnancy BMI < 19 and abnormal weight gain during pregnancy were found to be associated with low neonatal birth weight defined as < 2500 g. Abnormal weight gain, during pregnancy was not related to an increased risk of preterm labor or cesarean delivery but it was highly associated with low birth weight (LBW)(P < 0.05).ConclusionLow pre-pregnancy BMI is an established risk factor for LBW. Abnormal gestational weight gain may further complicate the pregnancy as an additional risk factor for neonatal LBW. All women, regardless of their pre-pregnancy BMI may be at risk for abnormal weight gain and hence low birth weight. Pre-pregnancy and gestation nutritional assessments remain significant part of all prenatal visits.

Effects of Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain on Low Birth Weight in Omani Infants : A Case Control Study

“…Pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain have been studied and found to have an important impact on the birth weight and future health of babies. 20,21 In the current study, underweight mothers or those who gained less weight than recommended had a two times greater risk of giving birth to LBW babies compared to women with a normal BMI. This finding is consistent with the results of other studies.…”

Consumo dietético de gestantes e ganho ponderal materno após aconselhamento nutricional

“…A literatura demonstra que os extremos do estado nutricional antropométrico podem trazer riscos adicionais à gestação [18][19][20][21] . Conhecer os detalhes do consumo dietético aprimora a qualidade do atendimento e das orientações fornecidas.…”

“…Em estudo com grávidas de uma região urbana do Irã 21 , mulheres com baixo peso pré-gestacional demonstram risco para ganho ponderal insuficiente na gravidez, e, nas gestantes obesas, o ganho ponderal excessivo é observado em 47,9%, proporção comparável ao presente estudo.…”

Anthropometric assessment of nutritional status in Brazilian pregnant women

“…However, as pointed out in the available literature, the IOMrecommended method has been associated with favorable obstetric results related to birth-weight outcome as well as maternal health (14,20,33).…”

“…Based on these recommendations, several authors have concluded that gestational weight values can help predict birth conditions as well as optimal maternal nutritional status in the postpartum period (14,33).…”