The effect of posture on maximal oxygen uptake in active healthy individuals

Dillon, Hayley T.; Dausin, Christophe; Claessen, Guido; Lindqvist, Anniina; Mitchell, Amy M.; Wright, Leah; Willems, Rik; Gerche, André La; Howden, Erin J.

doi:10.1007/s00421-021-04630-7

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Determining exercise intensity domains for well-tolerated longer durations of exercise is challenging, both during the upright ( Meyler, Bottoms & Muniz-Pumares, 2021 ; Keir, Pogliaghi & Murias, 2018 ) and supine cycling model. Compared to upright, supine exercise is characterized by slower O 2 transport ( Dillon et al, 2021 ), greater skeletal muscle deoxygenation ( Goulding et al, 2021a ), and a greater type II fibre activation cycling ( Goulding et al, 2021a , 2021b ), altogether likely leading to earlier exercise cessation. Contrary to our hypothesis, the V̇O 2 MRT was not different between body positions likely due to an increase in the phase II-time constant (τV̇O 2p ) that was counteracted by a decrease in the circulatory time delay (TD of 3 s, Table 2 ) hindering the difference in V̇O 2 MRT between body positions during moderate-intensity step-transitions (from 20 to 100 W).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While different V̇O 2 peaks between the two body-positions are plausible ( Dillon et al, 2021 ), the scientific intrigue on whether the exercise intensity domains are different, remains. Here we sought to implement methodological procedures and to determine whether well-accepted markers of exercise intensity including the GET and RCP are transferrable from one position to the other, when corrected for V̇O 2 MRT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, posture-related changes in O 2 transport and V̇O 2 peak were investigated during exhaustive CPET in both upright and supine positions ( Dillon et al, 2021 ). Significantly lower peak cardiac outputs (computed from peak HR and peak stroke volume) were observed during supine cycling compared to upright and semi-supine postures via Doppler echocardiography.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a growing interest among the research community and clinical practitioners to investigate CPET procedures and protocols utilized in supine cycling ( Dillon et al, 2021 , Goulding et al, 2021a , 2021b ; Steele et al, 2018 ). The supine cycling model has been increasingly utilized to study age-related changes in cerebral blood flow ( Smirl et al, 2016 ), acute spleen volume changes ( Zubac et al, 2021b ), cardiovascular adjustments during exercise in athletes ( La Gerche et al, 2013 ), the effects of gravity acceleration ( Bonjour et al, 2010 ) in addition to study skeletal muscle bioenergetics ( Goulding et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crucially, exercise intensity domains were not categorised through gas exchange parameters for the corresponding PO, which has recently been identified as potentially misleading ( Jamnick et al, 2020 ; Zuccarelli et al, 2018 ; Meyler, Bottoms & Muniz-Pumares, 2021 ). Although recent studies have identified that V̇O 2 peak is progressively reduced when moving from an upright position into a supine during cycling ( Dillon et al, 2021 ), there is limited understanding of supine exercise intensity boundaries precisely determined from ramp CPET. For example, the V̇O 2 MRT during supine cycling was not performed in agreement with Iannetta, Murias & Keir (2019) , who recommended that a single-visit ramp CPET to volitional exhaustion should be preceded by a moderate-intensity step-transition protocol to accurately determine the GET.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of exercise intensity domains during upright versus supine cycling: a methodological study

Zubac

Ivančev

Martín

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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Background There is a growing interest among the research community and clinical practitioners to investigate cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) procedures and protocols utilized in supine cycling. Materials and Methods The current study investigated the effects of posture on indicators of exercise intensity including gas exchange threshold (GET), respiratory compensation point (RCP), and the rate of peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2 peak), as well as the role of V̇O2 mean response time (MRT) in determining exercise intensity domains in nineteen healthy men (age: 22 ± 3 years). Two moderate-intensity step-transitions from 20 to 100 Watt (W) were completed, followed by a maximal CPET. After completing the ramp test, participants performed a constant-load at 90% of their attained peak power output (PPO). Results No differences were observed in the V̇O2 MRT between the two positions, although the phase II-time constant (τV̇O2p) was 7 s slower in supine position compared to upright (p = 0.001). The rate of O2 uptake in the supine position at GET and RCP were lower compared to the upright position (208 ± 200 mL·min−1 (p = 0.007) and 265 ± 235 mL·min−1 (p = 0.012) respectively). Besides, V̇O2 peak was significantly decreased (by 6%, p = 0.002) during supine position. These findings were confirmed by the wide limits of agreement between the measures of V̇O2 in different postures (V̇O2 peak: −341 to 859; constant-load test: −528 to 783; GET: −375 to 789; RCP: −520 to 1021 all in mL·min−1). Conclusion Since an accurate identification of an appropriate power output (PO) from a single-visit CPET remains a matter of debate, especially for supine cycling, we propose that moderate-intensity step-transitions preceding a ramp CPET could be a viable addition to ensure appropriate exercise-intensity domain determination, in particular upon GET-based prescription.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Determination of exercise intensity domains during upright versus supine cycling: a methodological study

Zubac

Ivančev

Martín

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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Lean body mass and the cardiorespiratory phenotype: An ethnic‐specific relationship in Hans Chinese women and men

Guo,

Diaz‐Canestro,

Pugliese

et al. 2024

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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BackgroundLean body mass (LBM) and the functional capacity of cardiovascular (CV) and respiratory systems constitute a female‐specific relationship in European–American individuals. Whether this recent finding be extrapolated to the world's largest ethnic group, that is, Hans Chinese (HC, a population characterized by low LBM), is unknown.MethodsHealthy HC adults (n = 144, 50% ♀) closely matched by sex, age and physical activity were included. Total and regional (leg, arm and trunk) LBM and body composition were measured via dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Cardiac structure, stiffness, central/peripheral haemodynamics and peak O2 consumption (VO2peak) were assessed via transthoracic echocardiography and pulmonary gas analyses at rest and during exercise up to peak effort. Regression analyses determined the sex‐specific relationship of LBM with cardiac and aerobic phenotypes.ResultsTotal and regional LBM were lower and body fat percentage higher in women compared with men (P < 0.001). In both sexes, total LBM positively associated with left ventricular (LV) mass and peak volumes (r ≥ 0.33, P ≤ 0.005) and negatively with LV end‐systolic and central arterial stiffness (r ≥ −0.34, P ≤ 0.004). Total LBM strongly associated with VO2peak (r ≥ 0.60, P < 0.001) and peak cardiac output (r ≥ 0.40, P < 0.001) in women and men. Among regional LBM, leg LBM prominently associated with the arterio‐venous O2 difference at peak exercise in both sexes (r ≥ 0.43, P < 0.001). Adjustment by adiposity or CV risk factors did not modify the results.ConclusionsLBM independently determines internal cardiac dimensions, ventricular mass, distensibility and the capacity to deliver and consume O2 in HC adults irrespective of sex.

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Exercise MR of Skeletal Muscles, the Heart, and the Brain

Hooijmans,

Jeneson,

Jørstad

et al. 2024

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) is routinely used to evaluate organ morphology and pathology in the human body at rest or in combination with pharmacological stress as an exercise surrogate. With MR during actual physical exercise, we can assess functional characteristics of tissues and organs under real‐life stress conditions. This is particularly relevant in patients with limited exercise capacity or exercise intolerance, and where complaints typically present only during physical activity, such as in neuromuscular disorders, inherited metabolic diseases, and heart failure. This review describes practical and physiological aspects of exercise MR of skeletal muscles, the heart, and the brain. The acute effects of physical exercise on these organs are addressed in the light of various dynamic quantitative MR readouts, including phosphorus‐31 MR spectroscopy (31P‐MRS) of tissue energy metabolism, phase‐contrast MRI of blood flow and muscle contraction, real‐time cine MRI of cardiac performance, and arterial spin labeling MRI of muscle and brain perfusion. Exercise MR will help advancing our understanding of underlying mechanisms that contribute to exercise intolerance, which often proceed structural and anatomical changes in disease. Its potential to detect disease‐driven alterations in organ function, perfusion, and metabolism under physiological stress renders exercise MR stress testing a powerful noninvasive imaging modality to aid in disease diagnosis and risk stratification. Although not yet integrated in most clinical workflows, and while some applications still require thorough validation, exercise MR has established itself as a comprehensive and versatile modality for characterizing physiology in health and disease in a noninvasive and quantitative way.Evidence Level5Technical EfficacyStage 1

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The effect of posture on maximal oxygen uptake in active healthy individuals

Cited by 19 publications

References 63 publications

Determination of exercise intensity domains during upright versus supine cycling: a methodological study

Determination of exercise intensity domains during upright versus supine cycling: a methodological study

Lean body mass and the cardiorespiratory phenotype: An ethnic‐specific relationship in Hans Chinese women and men

Exercise MR of Skeletal Muscles, the Heart, and the Brain

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