The effect of post-fire stand age on the boreal forest energy balance

Amiro, B.D.; Orchansky, Alberto L.; Barr, Alan G.; Black, T. A.; Chambers, Scott D.; Chapin, F. Stuart; Goulden, Mike; Litvak, M. E.; Liu, H.P.; McCaughey, J. H.; McMillan, Andrew M. S.; Randerson, James T.

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.02.014

Cited by 194 publications

(241 citation statements)

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“…When compared with earlier stages of succession, lower albedos have been observed for mature forests throughout the world, including boreal (Amiro et al 2006), temperate (Roberts et al 2004;Ogunjemiyo et al 2005) and tropical forests (Culf et al 1995;Giambelluca et al 1997). High rates of evaporative fluxes (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends in entropy production during ecosystem development in the Amazon Basin

Holdaway

Sparrow

Coomes

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Understanding successional trends in energy and matter exchange across the ecosystematmosphere boundary layer is an essential focus in ecological research; however, a general theory describing the observed pattern remains elusive. This paper examines whether the principle of maximum entropy production could provide the solution. A general framework is developed for calculating entropy production using data from terrestrial eddy covariance and micrometeorological studies. We apply this framework to data from eight tropical forest and pasture flux sites in the Amazon Basin and show that forest sites had consistently higher entropy production rates than pasture sites (0.461 versus 0.422 W m 22 K 21 , respectively). It is suggested that during development, changes in canopy structure minimize surface albedo, and development of deeper root systems optimizes access to soil water and thus potential transpiration, resulting in lower surface temperatures and increased entropy production. We discuss our results in the context of a theoretical model of entropy production versus ecosystem developmental stage. We conclude that, although further work is required, entropy production could potentially provide a much-needed theoretical basis for understanding the effects of deforestation and land-use change on the land-surface energy balance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Odum 1969;Fath et al 2004;Amiro et al 2006). However, the principle of maximum entropy production (MEP) has potential to provide a theoretical framework for understanding the relationships between surface energy fluxes and ecosystem dynamics (Ozawa et al 2003;Kleidon & Fraedrich 2005;Martyushev & Seleznev 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in entropy production during ecosystem development in the Amazon Basin

Holdaway

Sparrow

Coomes

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Note the different timescales 3 axis values for the winter and summer fires in panel c). The 4 following literature for tropical grasslands a , tropical savanna 5 a Fisch et al, 1994;Fuller and Ottke, 2002;Jin and Roy, 20 6 b Beringer et al, 2003;Brookan-Amissah et al, 1980;Gova 7 and Roy, 2005;Myhre et al, 2005 8 c Culf et al, 1995;Giambelluca et al, 1997;Pinker et al, 19 9 d Amiro et al, 2006;Lyons et al, 2008;McMillan et al, 20 10 Fisch et al, 1994;Fuller and Ottke, 2002;Jin and Roy, 2005;White and Loftin, 2000. b Beringer et al, 2003;Brookan-Amissah et al, 1980;Govaerts et al, 2002;Higgins et al, 2007;Jin and Roy, 2005;Myhre et al, 2005. c Culf et al, 1995;Giambelluca et al, 1997;Pinker et al, 1980. d Amiro et al, 2006;Lyons et al, 2008;McMillan et al, 2008. CAM5 in the AERO group of simulations that did not include fire emissions. Next we find the fraction of shortwave radiation leaving the surface that makes it back to the TOA.…”

Section: B3 N 2 O Box Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The changing radiative forcing of fires: global model estimates for past, present and future

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Fires are a global phenomenon that impact climate and biogeochemical cycles, and interact with the biosphere, atmosphere and cryosphere. These impacts occur on a range of temporal and spatial scales and are difficult to quantify globally based solely on observations. Here we assess the role of fires in the climate system using model estimates of radiative forcing (RF) from global fires in preindustrial, present day, and future time periods. Fire emissions of trace gases and aerosols are derived from Community Land Model simulations and then used in a series of Community Atmosphere Model simulations with representative emissions from the years 1850, 2000, and 2100. Additional simulations are carried out with fire emissions from the Global Fire Emission Database for a present-day comparison. These results are compared against the results of simulations with no fire emissions to compute the contribution from fires. We consider the impacts of fire on greenhouse gas concentrations, aerosol effects (including aerosol effects on biogeochemical cycles), and land and snow surface albedo. Overall, we estimate that pre-industrial fires were responsible for a RF of −1 W m −2 with respect to a pre-industrial climate without fires. The largest magnitude pre-industrial forcing from fires was the indirect aerosol effect on clouds (−1.6 W m −2 ). This was balanced in part by an increase in carbon dioxide concentrations due to fires (+0.83 W m −2 ). The RF of fires increases by 0.5 W m −2 from 1850 to 2000 and 0.2 W m −2 from 1850 to 2100 in the model representation from a combination of changes in fire activity and changes in the background environment in which fires occur, especially increases and decreases in the anthropogenic aerosol burden. Thus, fires play an important role in both the natural equilibrium climate and the climate perturbed by anthropogenic activity and need to be considered in future climate projections.

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“…By killing overstory trees and initiating succession, fires modify vegetation composition over a period of decades (Johnstone and Kasischke 2005;Goetz et al, 2007; Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. Johnstone et al, 2010) that, in turn, influences surface albedo Lyons et al, 2006) and sensible and latent heat fluxes (Liu et al, 2005;Amiro et al, 2006;Lee et al, 2011). These fire-ecosystem interactions have the potential to modify regional climate (Rogers et al, 2013) and influence boreal forest species composition (Goetz et al, 2007;Johnstone et al, 2011;Barrett et al, 2011;Mann et al, 2012;Hollingsworth et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-scale influence of vapor pressure deficit on fire ignition and spread in boreal forest ecosystems

Sedano

Randerson

2014

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Climate-driven changes in the fire regime within boreal forest ecosystems are likely to have important effects on carbon cycling and species composition. In the context of improving fire management options and developing more realistic scenarios of future change, it is important to understand how meteorology regulates different aspects of fire dynamics, including ignition, daily fire spread, and cumulative annual burned area. Here we combined ModerateResolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) active fires (MCD14ML), MODIS imagery (MOD13A1) and ancillary historic fire perimeter information to produce a data set of daily fire spread maps for Alaska during 2002-2011. This approach provided a spatial and temporally continuous representation of fire progression and a precise identification of ignition and extinction locations and dates for each wildfire. The fire-spread maps were analyzed with daily vapor pressure deficit (VPD) observations from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and lightning strikes from the Alaska Lightning Detection Network (ALDN). We found a significant relationship between daily VPD and likelihood that a lightning strike would develop into a fire ignition. In the first week after ignition, above average VPD increased the probability that fires would grow to large or very large sizes. Strong relationships also were identified between VPD and burned area at several levels of temporal and spatial aggregation. As a consequence of regional coherence in meteorology, ignition, daily fire spread, and fire extinction events were often synchronized across different fires in interior Alaska. At a regional scale, the sum of positive VPD anomalies during the fire season was positively correlated with annual burned area during the NARR era ; R 2 = 0.45). Some of the largest fires we mapped had slow initial growth, indicating opportunities may exist for suppression efforts to adaptively manage these forests for climate change. The results of our spatiotemporal analysis provide new information about temporal and spatial dynamics of wildfires and have implications for modeling the terrestrial carbon cycle.

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The effect of post-fire stand age on the boreal forest energy balance

Cited by 194 publications

References 39 publications

Trends in entropy production during ecosystem development in the Amazon Basin

Trends in entropy production during ecosystem development in the Amazon Basin

The changing radiative forcing of fires: global model estimates for past, present and future

Multi-scale influence of vapor pressure deficit on fire ignition and spread in boreal forest ecosystems

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