The Effect of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Mixture (Aroclor 1254) on the Embryonic Development and Hatching of Prussian Carp, <I>Carassius Gibelio</I>, and Common Carp, <I>Cyprinus Carpio</I> (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)

Abstract

Socha M., Sokołowska-Mikołajczyk M., Szczerbik P., Chyb J., Mikołajczyk T., Epler P. 2012. The effect of polychlorinated biphenyls mixture (Aroclor 1254) on the embryonic development and hatching of Prussian carp, Carassius gibelio, and common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 42 (1): 31-35.Background. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent and bioacumulative chemical pollutants which exert negative physiological effects on the reproductive system of mature male and female fish. PCBs present in the aquatic environment may also have an influence on developing embryos. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Aroclor 1254, a polychlorinated biphenyls mixture, on the embryonic development of Prussian carp, Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782), and common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Materials and methods. The samples of eggs obtained from 4 females of each species were divided into two dishes and incubated separately after fertilization (common carp) or activation (Prussian carp) with common carp sperm. The incubation, with Aroclor 1254 (1 or 10 ng · mL -1 ) or in water with no PCB added, lasted for 4 days. The mortality, hatching rate, number of hatched larvae, and number of deformed larvae were observed. Results. After 24 h of incubation of Prussian carp and common carp eggs there were no significant differences in the percentage of living eggs between the Aroclor 1254 treated groups and the control one. The lowest tested concentration of PCB (1 ng · mL -1 ) accelerated the hatching of Prussian carp larvae at 75 h of incubation. The significant increase in the percentage of deformed larvae was observed only in the experiment with common carp eggs incubated with Aroclor 1254 at the concentration of 10 ng · mL -1 . Conclusion.Results of the presented data showed that Aroclor 1254 (at tested concentrations) is not harmful for the development of activated Prussian carp eggs but teratogenic effect was observed in the case of common carp embryos. et al. 1993et al. , Hansen et al. 1985. These types of xenobiotics can be transmitted parentally or environmentally, and finally they affect the offspring. Despite a ban on manufacture of PCBs in the late 1970s, they are still present in the aquatic environment and may have an effect on developing embryos. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Aroclor 1254, a polychlorinated biphenyls mixture with a 54% (weight) of chlorine, on the embryonic development of two cyprinid species: Prussian carp, Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782), and common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Keywords MATERIAL AND METHODSThe experiments were conducted at the Department of Ichthyobiology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland in the end of June 2009.For the first experiment the eggs were obtained from 4 Prussian carp (Carassiuas gibelio) females, stimulated previously with sGnRH analogue (Bachem Feinchemicalien AG, Switzerland) at the dose of 10 mg · kg -1 body weight. The samples of eggs obtained from...

Characterization of Reference Genes in Rare Minnow, <I>Gobiocypris Rarus</I> (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), in Early Postembryonic Development and in Response to Edcs Treatment

“…Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are natural and anthropogenic compounds discharged into the environment known to disrupt the endocrine system of humans and animals by mimicking functions of steroids in vivo. As a result of exposure to EDCs, a number of adverse effects have been reported, based on symptoms of ill-health including developmental abnormality (Seidman et al 2009), abnormal sexual development (Jobling et al 2009), teratogenic effect (Socha et al 2012), and increased cancer risk (Fernandez and Russo 2010). The aquatic environment is the ultimate sink for most chemicals including natural-and man-made ones (Sumpter 1998) through landfill sites, sewage disposal, etc.…”

Polychlorinated biphenyls disrupt cell division and tip growth in two species of fucoid algae

“…PCBs have varied effects on marine animal development, and in many cases the cellular mechanisms are not well understood. For example, treating eggs of the common carp with PCBs increases the frequencies of disrupted embryogenesis and larval deformities, while the same treatments have no effect on Prussian carp eggs (Socha et al 2012). Embryonic exposure in zebrafish decreases embryo survival and increases deformities in larval retinal morphology and ultrastructure (Wang et al 2010).…”

“…, Socha et al. ), but little is known of their influence on other species that are sessile, immobilized on the intertidal substratum, like the fucoid algae. These marine rockweeds are ubiquitous and abundant in the healthy intertidal zones of the northern hemisphere (Serrao et al.…”

“…Many studies have documented the negative impacts of PCBs on the reproduction, growth, and development of marine animals (Freeman et al 1982, Schroder et al 1999, Geeraerts and Belpaire 2010, Wang et al 2010, Chen et al 2012, Socha et al 2012), but little is known of their influence on other species that are sessile, immobilized on the intertidal substratum, like the fucoid algae. These marine rockweeds are ubiquitous and abundant in the healthy intertidal zones of the northern hemisphere (Serrao et al 1999), and have a primary role providing nursery and feeding habitats for marine and estuarine fishes (Schiel 2000).…”

Early Development of the Threespine Stickleback in Relation to Water pH

“…Food was added twice a day and always ad libitum. To prevent egg mortality, aquarium fungicide (Tetra Medica, FungiStop) was added each time new water was prepared (twice daily) at a concentration of 0.1 ml l −1 seawater (Socha et al, 2012). The lids for the aquaria were kept loosely on to minimize outgassing between the water and the atmosphere.…”