The effect of polyatomic absorbates on the total energy distribution of field emitted electrons

Swanson, L. W.; Crouser, L. C.

doi:10.1016/0039-6028(70)90003-8

Cited by 43 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…[37] Such patterns have also been regularly observed for FE from uncleaned or lightly heated SWNTs and MWNTs, [19,28,26] and obviously are not specific to the intrinsic properties of CNTs, especially in the light of patterns with a clear correlation with expected MWNT structure. [27] These objects give rise to strong effects in the TEDs exactly as those measured from deposited molecules [38] that are a guide for emission from any such nanostructure. The resonant tunneling model [39] has been often invoked [31,38] to explain most of the effects (see below).…”

Section: Disordered Nanostructure Cap Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[27] These objects give rise to strong effects in the TEDs exactly as those measured from deposited molecules [38] that are a guide for emission from any such nanostructure. The resonant tunneling model [39] has been often invoked [31,38] to explain most of the effects (see below).…”

Section: Disordered Nanostructure Cap Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[38,56] The emission is considered to occur through local bound states that exist within the nanostructure, [31] and which shift because of field penetration. [57] The weakness of this analysis is that the chemical composition and structure of the nanostructure is not known, and no electronic structure calculations have been carried out to confirm the validity of such a simple picture, as has been done for adsorbed atoms on clean metal surfaces.…”

Section: Field Emission From Nanostructures On Mwnt Capsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evolution of the Field‐Emission Properties of Individual Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Submitted to Temperature and Field Treatments

Purcell

Vincent

Rodríguez

et al. 2006

Chemical Vapor Deposition

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Field-emission (FE) electron and ion microscopies (FEM and FIM), I(V) characteristics, and FE energy spectroscopy (FEES) measurements have been made on individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) at various stages of their evolution under various thermal and field treatments. Before the highest temperature treatments, the FE is produced by nanometerscale structures that have specific and known characteristics such as individual peaks in the total energy distributions (TEDs), highly curved Fowler-Nordheim (FN) plots, and strong local heating due to the Nottingham effect. After cleaning at up to 1600 K, the TEDs approached the well-known form for FN tunneling from a free electron gas. As previously reported, they revealed and quantified strong heating at high FE currents induced by Joule heating along the MWNT. The TEDs gave a quantitative simultaneous measure of the temperature at the end of the MWNT, T A (which reached up to 2000 K), and its electrical resistance R, thus allowing the determination of R(T A ). R(T A ) decreased by ca. 70 % as T A increased from 300 to 2000 K, indicating a nonmetallic behavior of the MWNT. Changes in the MWNT length due to the induced high temperatures above 1600 K could be followed using the I(V) characteristics. The high temperatures were accompanied by light emission due to incandescence for which the optical spectra was found to follow the Planck distribution. With the simultaneous measurements of T A and R, the 1D heating problem could be reliably simulated to estimate the dependence of both electrical and thermal conductivities on temperature. This heating results in an excellent current stability by continuous desorption, and defines the maximum nanotube currents for high-current applications

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Section: Disordered Nanostructure Cap Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disordered Nanostructure Cap Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Field Emission From Nanostructures On Mwnt Capsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evolution of the Field‐Emission Properties of Individual Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Submitted to Temperature and Field Treatments

Purcell

Vincent

Rodríguez

et al. 2006

Chemical Vapor Deposition

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“…It should be noted that more complex emission processes, mitigated by adsorbate surface states, can contribute to observed spectral features. 37 Since the species and orientation of adsorbates emitting into the analyzer is uncertain, absolute interpretation of the observed spectral features is presently not possible. At this time, TEM imaging of these CVD-diamond nanotips has not been performed, and thus we do not know the details of the nanotip composition.…”

Section: Diamond Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonant tunneling and extreme brightness from diamond field emitters and carbon nanotubes

Jarvis

Andrews

Ivanov

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physics

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We report new results from field emission microscopy studies of multiwall carbon nanotubes and from energy spectrum measurements of beams from diamond field emitters. In both systems, we find that resonant tunneling through adsorbed species on the emitter surface is an important and sometimes dominant effect. For diamond emitters our observations include order-of-magnitude emission enhancement without spectral broadening, complex spectral structure, and sensitivity of that structure to the applied electric field. For carbon nanotubes we have observed electron beams from individual adsorbates which are estimated to approach the maximum beam brightness allowed by Pauli exclusion.

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“…This often occurs when the tunneling electron excites vibrations in absorbed atoms or molecules. Field emission spectra from tungsten tips coated with organic molecules showed large peaks in the energy distribution attributed to inelastic tunneling [54]. Field electron microscope images created by molecules adsorbed on tips are often highly symmetrical, a consequence of scattering [48].…”

Section: Energy Distributionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Silicon Field Emitter Arrays

Shaw

Itoh

2001

Vacuum Microelectronics

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The effect of polyatomic absorbates on the total energy distribution of field emitted electrons

Cited by 43 publications

References 12 publications

Evolution of the Field‐Emission Properties of Individual Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Submitted to Temperature and Field Treatments

Evolution of the Field‐Emission Properties of Individual Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Submitted to Temperature and Field Treatments

Resonant tunneling and extreme brightness from diamond field emitters and carbon nanotubes

Silicon Field Emitter Arrays

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