The Effect of Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: A Review of Literature

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic periodontitis is the most common periodontal disease which is related to the chronic accumulation of bacterial plaque. Since mechanical methods are not sufficient in the treatment of this disease, administration of local/systemic antibiotic is recommended following mechanical debridement. However, side effects of antibiotics such as microbial resistance and patient allergy led to development of alternative methods. One of these suggested methods is the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). PDT is a local noninvasive treatment modality without the side effects caused by antibiotics. The aim of this study was to review the articles related to the application of PDT with laser in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Review of literature:In the present review of literature, the authors used key words such as chronic periodontitis, laser and photodynamic therapy, and conducted a literature search via Google Scholar and PubMed for the period of 1990 to 2015. A total of 47 articles in English were found. The articles that were not associated with the topic of research and review articles were deleted and only clinical trials were evaluated. After reviewing 23 articles' abstracts, the full texts of 16 articles were analyzed. Conclusion: Considering the safety, the lack of side effects and general advantages like more patient compliance, the PDT treatment with scaling and root planing (SRP) is recommended as an efficient adjunctive modality for the treatment of localized chronic periodontitis especially during the maintenance phase in non-surgical treatment.

The effect of injectable platelet-rich fibrin use in the initial treatment of chronic periodontitis

“…In our study, the progress was made in reducing CAL in the test group more than in the control group three months after the initial treatment (p < 0.05). The reduction matches the previous systematic reviews on SRP with different adjuncts, showing that a three-month therapy leads to the CAL value ranging 0.08-1 mm [22,23]. Our results demonstrated CAL gain by es much as 0.9 mm, representing better outcome compared to the control group with only 0.33 mm reduction.…”

Leveraging Engineering of Indocyanine Green-Encapsulated Polymeric Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications

“…Along this line, light-based therapeutics have gathered enormous interest from researchers in the past two decades for various biomedical applications such as diagnosis, drug delivery, and imaging, among others. These treatment strategies, particularly photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) [ 1 ], have emerged as promising alternatives to the traditional chemotherapeutic approaches and surgery practices, due to beneficial properties such as minimal invasiveness [ 2 , 3 , 4 ], high efficacy [ 3 , 4 ], preferential localization [ 5 , 6 ], excellent tissue penetration [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], and improved patient compliance [ 2 , 4 , 5 , 11 , 12 ]. Oftentimes these strategies are controlled by using specific sensitizers that are preferentially located at the desired site and subsequently activated in the presence of light to perform their therapeutic duties.…”

Efficacy of adjunctive photodynamic therapy in the treatment of generalized aggressive periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial

“…Consequently, the researchers suggested that a combination of both treatment methods would yield better results for the NPT of aggressive periodontitis. So, the use of PDT in the treatment of periodontal diseases is still an object of interest .…”