The Effect of Petroleum-Derived Substances on the Growth and Chemical Composition of Vicia faba L.

Abstract

Petroleum and petroleum-derived products can contribute to the inhibition of growth and development of plants. Soil contamination by these compounds either hampers or makes difficult the intake of water and mineral salts from the substrate, and also breaks a number of metabolic processes. As a result of the deficiency of chlorophyll and nutrients, the affected plants grow deformed roots, shoots, leaves, and flowers, and show numerous chloroses and necroses.The objective of our research was to determine the effects of petrol, used engine oil, and diesel oil on select morphological parameters of Vicia faba L., and on the content of select nutrients and heavy metals in the leaves of plants. The effect of the bioremediation process initiated by biopreparation ZB-1 on the above-mentioned parameters was also determined. The analyzed plants were obtained from the Experimental Station of the University of Agriculture in Cracow, located in Mydlniki near Cracow. In June 2010, the soil placed in special containers was contaminated with petroleum-derived substances at a quantity of 6,000 mg per 1 kg of dry mass, by pouring it on the soil. Half of the objects were subjected to bioremediation. The evaluation of the morphology of plants and the structural elements of yield was made at the stage of technological maturity of broad bean seeds. The evaluation of heavy metals content was conducted using flame absorption spectrometry. The carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur content was determined in a Variomax CNS analyzer. The results of the experiment showed that diesel oil had the most adverse effects on the morphological parameters of plants. Engine oil caused a decrease in the nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur contents in the leaves of plants, but on the other hand this substance, like other petroleum-derived compounds, increased the content of most heavy metals. The effect of biopreparation was diverse and depended on the type of substance and on the analyzed parameter.The conducted experiment showed that petroleum-derived substances continued to adversely affect the growth of plants even three years after soil contamination. Additionally, it increased the accumulation of harmful substances in the organs of plants which could, in turn, seriously impact the economy and human health. However, the intensity of the impact depends on the type of derivative. Bioremediation supported by the use of microorganisms is an advantageous solution that permits the improving of the growth parameters of plants, as well as offsetting the harmful effects of petroleum-derived products upon the majority of the analyzed elements.

Effect of petroleum-derived substances on life history traits of black bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.) and on the growth and chemical composition of broad bean

“…However, once they pervade the natural environment, these compounds can adversely affect the growth and development of cultivated plants (Shirdam et al 2008; Gbadebo and Adenuga 2012). They contribute to the increase of heavy metal content in plants (Onweremadu and Duruigbo 2007; Ujowundu et al 2011; Rusin et al 2015), they reduce chlorophyll, protein and carotenoid levels (Achuba 2006; Adenipekun et al 2008), they constrain plant germination, decrease photosynthetic activity (Agbogidi and Eshegbeyi 2006; Besalatpour et al 2008; Njoku et al 2008), and modify the content of micro- and macroelements in plants (Odjegba and Atebe 2007; Shukry et al 2013). The effect of PDSs on nutrient levels depends chiefly on the type and dose of compounds applied as well as plant species (Wyszkowski and Wyszkowska 2005; Wyszkowski and Ziółkowska 2009a).…”

Effect of Petroleum-Derived Substances and their Bioremediation on Triticum aestivum L. Growth and Chemical Composition

“…The non-contaminated soil was placed in identical containers and constituted the control treatment. (A detailed description of the process of setting the experiment and the containers used was included in an earlier publication [21]). The experiment was set in four replications in line with the randomized blocks method.…”

“…In the 2013 season, broad beans of the Windsor White variety were cultivated on the soil in containers. The data pertaining to the effect of polluted soil on the growth and chemical composition of that plant has already been published [21]. In mid-October 2013 the seeds of the winter wheat of the Batuta variety were sown in the soils in containers in the quantities of 400 seeds per container (in line with the standard for sowing seeds) after earlier soil preparation (i.e., loosening and fertilizing).…”

Laboratory Studies on Accidental Pollution and Soil Remediation Techniques

“…This interference and the anaerobic and hydrophobic conditions are the most important effect of diesel oil contaminated soil on seed germination and plant growth (Racine 1994;Bona et al 2011). For over two decade, many researchers have reported a lower rate of germination in soil contaminated by petroleum or its derivatives (Adam & Duncan 2002;Vavrek & Campbell 2002;Méndez-Natera et al 2004;Achuba 2006;Smith et al 2006;Sharifi et al 2007;Besalatpour et al 2008;Korade & Fulekar 2009;Njoku et al 2009;Popa et al 2010;Bona et al 2011;Luhach & Chaudhry 2012;Cruz et al 2013;Zarinkamar et al 2013;Hawrot-Paw & Bąkowska 2014;Rusin et al 2015;Shuang et al 2015;Popa & Onutu 2016). Oprescu (2013) has done research on the use of cyclohexanone ketal glycerol as additive for diesel fuels.…”