The effect of particular active substances of hallucinogenic mushrooms

Wieczorek, Marek

doi:10.2478/fobio-2014-0014

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Thousands of years before this usage began, the psychotropic effects of the mushroom were widely used by the inhabitants of Siberia, Kamchatka, and the Vikings. The 'fairy' mushrooms as well as A. muscaria appeared on rock paintings, dated back to 3500 BC, in a cave in present Algeria, depicting dancing figures, holding mushrooms in their hands (Wieczorek 2014). Similar findings from Central America suggest that hallucinogenic mushrooms were used in the Aztecs' and the Mayas' religious rituals (Feeney 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Toxicological and pharmacological profile of Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. – a new rising opportunity for biomedicine

Voynova¹,

Shkondrov²,

Kondeva-Burdina³

et al. 2020

PHAR

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Amanita muscaria, commonly known as fly agaric, is a basidiomycete. Its main psychoactive constituents are ibotenic acid and muscimol, both involved in ‘pantherina-muscaria’ poisoning syndrome. The rising pharmacological and toxicological interest based on lots of contradictive opinions concerning the use of Amanita muscaria extracts’ neuroprotective role against some neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s, its potent role in the treatment of cerebral ischaemia and other socially significant health conditions gave the basis for this review. Facts about Amanita muscaria’s morphology, chemical content, toxicological and pharmacological characteristics and usage from ancient times to present-day’s opportunities in modern medicine are presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Toxicological and pharmacological profile of Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. – a new rising opportunity for biomedicine

Voynova¹,

Shkondrov²,

Kondeva-Burdina³

et al. 2020

PHAR

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“…This discipline is a more recent area of anthropology in comparison to ethnobotany and ethnozoology, although archeological evidence suggests that human use of fungi is at least 6000 years old [63]. Amongst these diverse interactions, hallucinogenic mushrooms share a very ancient history with men, as suggested by the parietal paintings found in Tassili n'Ajjer caves in Algeria, dating back to 3500 BC and depicting dancing human figures holding mushrooms in their hands [64].…”

Section: Ethnomycology From Ancestral Practices To Forging An Archetypementioning

confidence: 99%

Amanita muscaria: Ecology, Chemistry, Myths

Carboué

Lopez

2021

Encyclopedia

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Amanita muscaria is the most emblematic mushroom in the popular representation. It is an ectomycorrhizal fungus endemic to the cold ecosystems of the northern hemisphere. The basidiocarp contains isoxazoles compounds that have specific actions on the central nervous system, including hallucinations. For this reason, it is considered an important entheogenic mushroom in different cultures whose remnants are still visible in some modern-day European traditions. In Siberian civilizations, it has been consumed for religious and recreational purposes for millennia, as it was the only inebriant in this region.

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Psychoactive Isoxazoles, Muscimol, and Isoxazole Derivatives from the Amanita (Agaricomycetes) Species: Review of New Trends in Synthesis, Dosage, and Biological Properties

Okhovat,

Cruces,

Docampo-Palacios

et al. 2023

Int J Med Mushrooms

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Herbal products found in nature can serve as great systems of study for drug design. The <i>Amanita muscaria</i> mushroom is native to many parts of the Northern Hemisphere and has a very distinctive appearance with its red cap and white spotted warts. The mushroom comprises several pharmacologically active alkaloids, including muscazone, muscarine, ibotenic acid, and muscimol, the latter two compounds being potent GABA agonists. Muscimol has served as a backbone in the design of GABA agonists devoid of effects on the GABA-metabolizing enzyme, GABA transaminase, and GABA uptake systems. In this sense, several analogs of muscimol have been synthesized and studied including THIP, THPO, iso-THIP, iso-THAZ and 4-PIOL which all interact with the GABA receptors much differently. The growing pharmacological and toxicological interest based on many conflicting opinions on the use of the neuroprotective role of muscimol analogs against some neurodegenerative diseases, its potent role in the treatment of cerebral ischemia and other socially significant health conditions provided the basis for this review.

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The effect of particular active substances of hallucinogenic mushrooms

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Toxicological and pharmacological profile of Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. – a new rising opportunity for biomedicine

Toxicological and pharmacological profile of Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. – a new rising opportunity for biomedicine

Amanita muscaria: Ecology, Chemistry, Myths

Psychoactive Isoxazoles, Muscimol, and Isoxazole Derivatives from the Amanita (Agaricomycetes) Species: Review of New Trends in Synthesis, Dosage, and Biological Properties

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