Toxicological and pharmacological profile of Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. – a new rising opportunity for biomedicine

Voynova, Maria; Shkondrov, Aleksandar; Kondeva-Burdina, Magdalena; Krasteva, Ilina

doi:10.3897/pharmacia.67.e56112

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Ibotenic acid and Muscimol [50,51] Muscarine is a selective cholinergic agonist. Activation of this cholinergic receptor leads to bradycardia, lowering…”

Section: Agaricus Muscariusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Muscimol alkaloid is a nonselective Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid-A (GABAA) receptor, an agonist. And Ibotenic acid is an agonist of glutamate receptors [50,51] , specifically at both the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and trans-ACPD receptors. This Muscimol and Ibotenic acid act as neurotransmitters in the CNS, stimulating glutamate receptors, causing Confusion, dizziness, tiredness and visual and auditory perceptual changes [53,54] .…”

Section:  Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pharmacological Basis of Similia Similibus Curantur and the Nature of Homeopathic Materia Medica

Lingeswaran¹,

Mohan

2023

Int J Ayu Pharm Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Similia Similibus Curantur is also called the law of similars. That is, when a drug produces pathological/pathogenic symptoms in healthy individual means, the same drug can relieve similar kinds of symptoms in individuals with the disease. The biological, pharmacological and toxicological action of capsaicin alkaloids is a perfect example to explain the Similia Similibus Curantur principle. Most of the drugs in homoeopathic materia medica contain toxicological, pharmacological, drug-proving, and traditional use-related symptoms and indications. Abnormal sensations and symptoms of the disease are caused by the involvement of a specific receptor or molecular pathway and gene functions. These receptors or molecules may be stimulated or suppressed by environmental, natural or artificial agents. In such conditions, the administration of specific homoeopathic medicine having a similar kind of affinity towards the particular receptors or molecules involved in the disease process leads to modulation of such receptor or molecular pathways (e.g., desensitization, sensitization, inhibition). These kinds of actions cause the betterment of symptoms or curative effects. So “Similia similibus curanter” can be understood as a similar receptor or molecular pathway involved in both drug molecules biological/ pharmacological and toxicological action and disease pathogenesis". The selection of medicine is by comparing the similarity between the receptor or molecular pathway in disease pathogenesis and drug pathogenesis. To avoid unwanted aggravations or side effects while using mother tinctures or solutions, administer them less than their physiological dose. The theory of the pharmacological basis of Similia Similia Curantur creates a rational method to apply this Similia Principle. Based on this theory, there is a possibility of discovering Novel drugs in the future that acts and gives a cure in similia similibus curantur way.

show abstract

“…Ibotenic acid and Muscimol [50,51] Muscarine is a selective cholinergic agonist. Activation of this cholinergic receptor leads to bradycardia, lowering…”

Section: Agaricus Muscariusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section:  Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Basis of Similia Similibus Curantur and the Nature of Homeopathic Materia Medica

Lingeswaran¹,

Mohan

2023

Int J Ayu Pharm Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A. muscaria contains isoxazoles compounds, mainly ibotenic acid and muscimol, but some derivatives have also been reported, such as muscazone, which is a product of ibotenic acid breakdown by UV radiation; it has a minor pharmacological activity compared with the other agents [41].…”

Section: Isoxazoles Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two compounds are the main cause of the psychotropic effects after mushroom ingestion, with muscimol accounting for the greater part, because its psychoactive dose is 10 times lower than that of ibotenic acid [42]. One fruit body of A. muscaria weighing 50-70 g (fresh weight) may contain around 6 mg of muscimol and up to 70 mg of ibotenic acid [41,43]. Therefore, sufficient levels of alkaloids are contained in one basidiocarp of a mushroom to trigger psychoactive effects in a human adult.…”

Section: Isoxazoles Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amanita muscaria: Ecology, Chemistry, Myths

Carboué

Lopez

2021

Encyclopedia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Amanita muscaria is the most emblematic mushroom in the popular representation. It is an ectomycorrhizal fungus endemic to the cold ecosystems of the northern hemisphere. The basidiocarp contains isoxazoles compounds that have specific actions on the central nervous system, including hallucinations. For this reason, it is considered an important entheogenic mushroom in different cultures whose remnants are still visible in some modern-day European traditions. In Siberian civilizations, it has been consumed for religious and recreational purposes for millennia, as it was the only inebriant in this region.

show abstract

“…The second class is the phenethylamines and includes the cactus-derived mescaline (4), also considered a classic psychedelic, and entactogens like the synthetic 3,4methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 5). The third class is the arylcylohexylamines, which are often described as dissociative hallucinogens and includes drugs like ketamine (6) and phenylcyclohexylpiperidine (PCP, 7). The fourth class encompasses naturally derived hallucinogens that do not fit neatly into any of the above groupings and includes muscimol (8), derived from Amanita muscaria mushrooms; salvinorin A (9), a rare type of non-alkaloid psychedelic, which is derived from the sage Salvia divinorum; and ibogaine (10), an alkaloid found in the West African iboga plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to the chemistry and pharmacology of psychedelic drugs

Walker

Pullella²,

Piggott³

et al. 2023

Aust. J. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The science of psychedelics is an intriguing, multi-disciplinary field that has recently been the subject of heightened public interest. This has mainly resulted from publicity associated with a number of high-profile investigations into psychedelic-assisted therapy for a range of difficult-to-treat mental health conditions. With many psychedelic substances known, including natural, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic, and a rangeof receptors, enzymes and transporters implicated in their modes of action, although very interesting, the field can appear daunting to newcomers to the area. This Primer Review is designed to give an overview of the chemistry and pharmacology of psychedelics. It is hoped that it will provide a useful resource for science undergraduates, postgraduates and their instructors, and experienced scientists who require a comprehensive and up-to-date summary of the field. The Review begins with a summary of the important classes of psychedelics and then goes on to summarise the known history of their traditional human use, dating back to prehistoric times. Following that, important classes of psychedelics are examined in more detail, namely the ergolines, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), tryptamines like psilocybin and N,N-dimethyltryptamine, phenethylamines typified by mescaline and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), arylcyclohexylamines including ketamine and phenylcyclohexylpiperidine (PCP), and a group of naturally occurring drugs that do not belong to any of these three classes, examples being muscimol and salvinorin A. The contributions made by early pioneers like Albert Hofmann and Alexander Shulgin are briefly summarised. References to primary literature and more specialised reviews are provided throughout.

show abstract

Toxicological and pharmacological profile of Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam. – a new rising opportunity for biomedicine

Cited by 14 publications

References 46 publications

Pharmacological Basis of Similia Similibus Curantur and the Nature of Homeopathic Materia Medica

Pharmacological Basis of Similia Similibus Curantur and the Nature of Homeopathic Materia Medica

Amanita muscaria: Ecology, Chemistry, Myths

Introduction to the chemistry and pharmacology of psychedelic drugs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About