The Effect of Particle Matrix Adhesion on the Mechanical Properties of Silica Filled Cyanate Ester Composites

Wooster, Tim J.; Abrol, Simmi; Hey, Jeffrey M; MacFarlane, Douglas R.

doi:10.1002/mame.200400127

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The addition of fumed silica without significant chemical bonding to the matrix at the loading levels (up to about 5% by weight) used in this study would not be expected to alter the stiffness characteristics of the networks by much. However, the use of this particle type could have a positive influence on fracture toughness, 28 although in this case also the loading levels are lower than those typically employed when Figure 11. T G before and after exposure to 85°C water for 96 h as determined by dynamic TMA for silanol (a), octyl (b), and 3-amino (c) surface types.…”

Section: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Researchmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of Nanoparticle Functionalization on the Performance of Polycyanurate/Silica Nanocomposites

Guenthner¹,

Sahagun

Lamison

et al. 2016

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The impact of silica functionalization in determining the performance of polycyanurate networks polymerized from 1,1-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)ethane, known commercially as Primaset LECy, reinforced with modified fumed silica, was elucidated through systematic comparison of the properties of nanocomposite networks in which the silica surface treatment was altered. Three types of surfaces were investigated: moderately acidic (unmodified silanol), neutral (alkylsilane modified), and slightly basic (3-aminopropylsilane modified). In terms of cyanate ester cure, the acidic surface proved to be moderately catalytic, the neutral surface mildly catalytic due to slight residual silanol content, and the basic amino-functional surface mildly inhibitory. In terms of network performance, the amino-functional surface led to significant degradation of the network at elevated temperatures, while the silanolfunctional surface outperformed the alkyl-functional surface in terms of protection against hydrolytic degradation. In agreement with expectations, the addition of 2−5 wt% of relatively well-dispersed silica nanoparticles had negligible impact on the fracture toughness of the cyanurate networks. Overall, these results demonstrate that the functionalization of nanoparticle additives for polycyanurate networks is an important determinant of performance and must be taken into consideration in the development of polycyanurate nanocomposites, even at levels that are too low to strongly affect mechanical properties. ■ INTRODUCTIONNetworks derived from cyanate ester monomers, known as polycyanurate networks, 1−4 are utilized in several of the most demanding high-performance applications currently known. These include thermonuclear fusion reactors such as ITER, 5−7 where, in blends with epoxy resins, they impart critical resistance to neutron irradiation. Also included are interplanetary space probes such as the MESSENGER mission to Mercury 8 and the Mars Curiosity rover, 9 where mechanical strength and toughness across a broad temperature range and low off-gassing are important considerations. In addition, cyanate esters have been utilized in space structures closer to Earth, such as the James Webb Space Telescope 10 and the Orion Earth re-entry heat shield, 11 where dimensional stability and flame resistance, respectively, drive materials requirements. Numerous other applications such as filament wound aerospace structures 12 and high-temperature microelectronic circuit boards 13 also make use of the outstanding thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of polycyanurate networks.In most practical applications, polycyanurate networks (polycyanurates), even when serving as composite resins, are not utilized as single-component materials systems. Rather, they are formulated with a variety of additives and reinforcements in order to maximize performance in their intended applications.One of the most common, and most important, of these reinforcements is silica. The properties of polycyanurate/silica composites have been investigated and...

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Section: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Researchmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of Nanoparticle Functionalization on the Performance of Polycyanurate/Silica Nanocomposites

Guenthner¹,

Sahagun

Lamison

et al. 2016

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Uniform distribution of the binary phases in 30 wt% PES sample may be hindered due to the high viscosity of the melt . To overcome this problem, various research groups previ-ously used solution casting techniques as an approach to achieve an equilibrium microstructure in blends, even at high PES concentrations [12,17].…”

Section: Results and Discussion 31 Morphology Of Becy/pes Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the current efforts to develop new thermoset resins with advanced thermal and mechanical properties were based on new synthesis routes [9,10], blending of polymers offers a simple and easy alternative over complex synthesis techniques. Multiphase polymer blends prepared to create or improve desired functional properties in thermoset polymers are considered potential alternatives in the literature [11][12][13][14]. In the present work, poly(ether sulfone) (PES) was used as a high temperature resistant thermoplastic toughening agent for BECy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring the toughness and CTE of high temperature bisphenol E cyanate ester (BECy) resin

Thunga¹,

Akinç²,

Kessler³

2014

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. The objective of the present work is to enhancing the toughness and minimizing the CTE of a special class of bisphenol E cyanate ester (BECy) resin by blending it with a thermoplastic toughening agent. Poly(ether sulfone) was chosen as a high temperature resistant thermoplastic resin to enhance the thermo-mechanical properties of BECy. The influence of poly(ether sulfone)/BECy blend composition on the morphology and phase behavior was studied using scanning electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis. The mechanical properties of the blends were evaluated by flexural tests, which demonstrated significant enhancement in the material's toughness with an increase in PES concentration from 0 to 15 wt%. The coefficient of thermal expansion of pure BECy was reduced from 61 to 48 ppm/°C in the blends with PES, emphasizing the multi-functional benefits of PES as a toughening agent in BECy.

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“…In one study, functionalizing agents used to treat silica particles were found to slightly enhance properties compared to non-functionalized particles [65].…”

Section: Property Enhancement Via Nanofillersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of bisphenol E cyanate ester for the resin-injection repair of advanced composites

Lio

2009

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The Effect of Particle Matrix Adhesion on the Mechanical Properties of Silica Filled Cyanate Ester Composites

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of Nanoparticle Functionalization on the Performance of Polycyanurate/Silica Nanocomposites

Effect of Nanoparticle Functionalization on the Performance of Polycyanurate/Silica Nanocomposites

Tailoring the toughness and CTE of high temperature bisphenol E cyanate ester (BECy) resin

Evaluation of bisphenol E cyanate ester for the resin-injection repair of advanced composites

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