The Effect of Papaya Seed Ethanol Extract in Vivo on The Number of Osteoblasts Cells of Periodontitis-Induced Rats

Abstract

The papaya seed ethanol extract is rich in antioxidant ingredients, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids. One of the main factors causing chronic inflammatory in periodontitis is oxidative stress. Administration of papaya seed extract is assumed to increase the number of rat osteoblast cells induced periodontitis. This research was conducted to analyze the effect of papaya seed extract on osteoblasts cells of rat induced periodontitis. This research represented an experimental laboratory-based investigation involving 35 rats of the Rattus norvegicus strain divided into 5 treatment groups (K, P1, P2, P3, P4). Control group (K) was not induced by periodontitis and was not given an extract, while group P induced periodontitis using LPS Phorphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis) for 7 days and continued wire mesh installation around the mandibular incisors in the form of number “8” for 7 days. P1 group was given feed only without extract, while the rest were given extract of 200 mg/kgBB, 300mg/kgBB, and 400mg/kgBB. The data obtained were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA test. The results showed that the average number of osteoblasts varied significantly between the groups. There was an increase in the average number of osteoblast cells in rat induced periodontitis after given papaya seed extract.

Quantification of Quercetin and Chlorogenic Acid in Papaya Seed Ethanol Extract

“…The previous research conducted by the author found that papaya seed extract can increase the number of osteoblast periodontitis-induced rat cells, possibly derived from the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of quercetin. The prior study by Pusporini et al [10] mentioned that papaya seed ethanolic extract that papaya seed extract that qualitatively proven contains flavonoids increases the number of osteoblasts on rat-induced periodontitis.…”

“…Papaya seed extracts have some profound medicinal properties such as antioxidant, bactericidal activity, anti-inflammatory, antihelmintic, antidiabetic, antifertility, and its role in the wound healing process [5,6,[10][11][12][13]14]. The prior study reported by Pusporini [10,11] found that papaya seed ethanolic extract qualitatively contains flavonoids and phenolic acids, but it is not known how much quantitatively. When the bioactive compounds contained in papaya seed extract can be known, this will facilitate further research in determining which compounds possess a therapeutic effect.…”

“…Papaya seeds are extracted using the maceration method to modify the study reported by Pusporini [10]. This study modifies the drying method time, 2 weeks shorter than described.…”

“…According to the previous studies, it is known that papaya seeds have better antioxidant activity than other plant parts and have several antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic, and antihelmintic activities and also possess potential in wound healing [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. In a previous study, it was investigated that papaya seed ethanolic extract qualitatively contains flavonoids and phenol, but the contents are not known quantitatively [10,11]. The rationale of this study is whether the bioactive compounds contained in papaya seed extract known quantitatively, it will facilitate further research in determining which compounds contain a therapeutic effect.…”

Gastroprotective Effects of the Combination of Chromolaena odorata L. and Pachyrhizus erosus L. Extracts on Rats with Gastric Ulcer Model

“…The average total score for each treatment groups was considered as the ulcer index (UI), which was then compared with the control groups. The protection ability or protection ratio of a materials against ulcers was calculated based on Saptarini et al (2011)…”