The effect of nucleoside transporters and P-GP on the nasal uptake of Ribavirin

Bakri, Zainab Ibrahim

doi:10.17077/etd.kt3jqulu

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Using NaviCyte Vertical Ussing Chambers, ribavirin permeation across the nasal olfactory mucosa was investigated in the presence of verapamil, a classic p-glycoprotein inhibitor. Bakri previously demonstrated that ribavirin showed concentration-dependent permeation across olfactory tissues [ 59 ], and when a 1.2 mg/mL ribavirin solution was tested, the drug permeability was found to be 1.3 × 10 −5 cm/s. However, when verapamil (50 µM) was included, the permeability of ribavirin increased nearly 2-fold to 2.6 × 10 −5 cm/s.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Ribavirin–Poloxamer Microparticles for Improved Intranasal Absorption

et al. 2021

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Ribavirin is a water-soluble antiviral compound which, owing to its inability to cross the blood–brain barrier, has limited effectiveness in treating viruses affecting the central nervous system. Direct nose-to-brain delivery was investigated for ribavirin in combination with poloxamer 188, an excipient known to enhance the absorption of drug compounds administered intranasally. Composite solid microparticles suitable for intranasal insufflation were prepared by suspending fine crystals of ribavirin in a matrix of poloxamer 188, which were cryogenically milled and characterized to ensure that ribavirin remained stable throughout preparation. In vitro diffusion of ribavirin across a semi-permeable regenerated cellulose membrane showed comparable cumulative drug release after 180 min from both fine solid particles (<20 µm) and 1:1 ribavirin:poloxamer microparticles (d50 = 20 µm); however, the initial release from polymer microparticles was slower, owing to gel formation on the membrane surface. When solid ribavirin was directly deposited on excised olfactory mucosa, either as fine drug particles or 1:1 ribavirin:poloxamer microparticles, permeation was significantly increased from microparticles containing poloxamer 188, suggesting additional interactions between the polymer and olfactory mucosa. These data indicate that for highly water-soluble drugs such as ribavirin or drugs subject to efflux by the nasal mucosa, a formulation of poloxmer-containing microparticles can enhance permeability across the olfactory epithelium and may improve direct nose-to-brain transport.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Ribavirin–Poloxamer Microparticles for Improved Intranasal Absorption

et al. 2021

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“…Meanwhile, vain deeds are not worthy of being born of the Most Perfect God. 10 In the discourse of Islamic law, some figures who are representations of various theological ideologies such as the Asháriyah, Mu'tazilah, or Maturidiyah, basically do not disagree about the relation between`illah and maṣlahah as Maqāṣid al-shariah. The legal study of Maṣlahah in the context of Islamic law in the science of fiqh is prioritized to the value of legal benefits for humans.…”

Section: B the Concept Of Maqāṣid Al-shariahmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Commodification of Religion in the Maqāṣid Al-Shariah Perspective

Maftukhatusolikhah

Rusydi

2018

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This article discusses the problem of the commodification of religion in Islam, namely looking at the perspective of Islamic law on a process that directs the symbols and religious expressions of Muslims in the framework of market-based power as a commodity or business object. The theory used is the Maqashid ash-Shariah theory, to find out whether or not the objectives of sharia law are maintained in the religious practices which intersect with the economic dimension. This becomes relevant because for a Muslim the conformity with the objectives of sharia is the materialization of maslahah which is the wisdom of establishing a law in Islam. It employs a normative approach in the perspective of Maqashid jurisprudence. The results of this study indicate that in the Islamic context, there are several things that reveal the symptoms of religious commodification which are packaged in various forms of industry. Some types of industry still exist which are built with economic rationality to seek mere worldly benefits and ignore the principles of benefit. For this type of business practice, the government with its various instruments or institutions must continue to carry out sharia-compliant supervision. Meanwhile for the sharia-based business practices or industries, there is no legal issue in complying with sharia objectives there.KeywordsCommodification of religion, Maqasid al-Sharia, Islamic law, religion with economic dimensions AbstrakTulisan ini membahas masalah komodifikasi agama dalam Islam, yaitu melihat perspektif hukum Islam terhadap suatu proses yang mengarahkan simbol-simbol dan ekspresi keberagamaan Umat Muslim dalam kerangka market-based power sebagai komoditas atau objek bisnis. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori Maqashid asy-Syariáh, untuk mengetahui tetap terjaga atau tidak-nya maksud atau tujuan penetapan hukum syariah dalam praktek-praktek agama dalam dimensi ekonomi tersebut. Hal ini menjadi relevan karena bagi seorang muslim kesesuaian dengan tujuan syariah yaitu tercapainya maslahah yang merupakan hikmah ditetapkannya suatu hukum dalam Islam merupakan hal yang sangat prinsip. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan normatif dalam perspektif fiqih Maqashid. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam konteks Islam, terdapat beberapa hal yang menampakkan adanya gejala komodivikasi agama yang dikemas dalam berbagai bentuk Industri. Beberapa jenis industri masih ada yang dibangun dengan rasionalitas Ekonomi untuk mencari keuntungan duniawi semata dan mengabaikan prinsip-prinsip kemaslahatan. Untuk praktek tersebut, pemerintah dengan berbagai instrumen atau lembaga yang dimilikinya harus terus melakukan pengawasan. Sedangkan untuk berbagai industri dan praktek bisnis yang berbasis syariah dan mengedepankan maslahah− yang maknanya lebih luas dari sekadar utility atau kepuasan dalam terminologi ekonomi konvensional−maka tidak ada persoalan hukum secara syariah.Kata kunciKomodifikasi agama, Maqasid al-Syariah, Hukum Islam, Agama dalam dimensi ekonomi

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The effect of nucleoside transporters and P-GP on the nasal uptake of Ribavirin

Cited by 2 publications

References 43 publications

Evaluation of Ribavirin–Poloxamer Microparticles for Improved Intranasal Absorption

Evaluation of Ribavirin–Poloxamer Microparticles for Improved Intranasal Absorption

The Commodification of Religion in the Maqāṣid Al-Shariah Perspective

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