The Effect of Neurohypophyseal Hormones on the Permeability of the Toad Bladder to Urea*

Maffly, Roy H.; Hays, Richard M.; Lamdin, Ezra; Leaf, Alexander

doi:10.1172/jci104078

Cited by 128 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…With labeled urea or water in the mucosal bathing medium addition of vasopressin was found to increase significantly the tissue content of the labeled compound (4,1). This established an action of vasopressin in or near the limiting plasma membrane lining the mucosal surface of the bladder.…”

Section: Site Of Selective Barrier To Penetration Of Bladder By Solutesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The technique and calculations used for determining isotopic permeability coefficients have been described (3,4). Briefly, the tagged molecule or ion tested is added to the medium bathing one surface of the toad bladder mounted between two halves of a lucite chamber.…”

Section: E T H O D Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commercial vasopressin (Parke Davis & Company) was the neurohypophyseal hormone used. The methods for preparing and measuring the Nl~-urea used in the simultaneous flux measurements with CI4-urea have been described (4). All transmembrane permeability coefficients, Kt ..... are averages of at least two successive 30 minutes of measurement before and after addition of 1 to 2 units of vasopressin to the serosal bathing medium.…”

Section: E T H O D Smentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Permeability of the Isolated Toad Bladder to Solutes and Its Modification by Vasopressin

Leaf

Hays

1962

The Journal of General Physiology

Self Cite

181

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A B S T R A C T Measurements have been made of the permeability of the isolated urinary bladder of the toad to a number of small solute molecules, in the presence and absence of vasopressin. Vasopressin has a strikingly specific effect on increasing permeability of the bladder to a group of small, uncharged amides and alcohols while penetration by other small molecules and ions is unaffected. The movement of urea is passive, as indicated by equal flux rates in the two directions. The reflection coefficients for chloride and thiourea indicate a high degree of impermeability of the bladder to these solutes even in the presence of large net movements of water. The low concentration of thiourea in the tissue water when this compound is added to the mucosal bathing medium indicates that the major permeability barrier to thiourea is at the mucosal surface of the bladder. The findings can be accounted for by a double permeability barrier consisting of a fine selective diffusion barrier and a porous barrier in series. The former would constitute the permeability barrier to most small, solutes while the latter would be the rate-limiting barrier for water and the amides. It would be the porous barrier which is affected by vasopressin. Reasons are presented which require both barriers to be contained in or near the plasma membrane at the mucosal surface of the bladder. I N T R O D U C T I O NI n the p r e c e d i n g p a p e r (1) are presented studies on the m o v e m e n t of w a t e r t h r o u g h the isolated u r i n a r y b l a d d e r of the toad a n d the influence of m a m m alian antidiuretic h o r m o n e u p o n this process. T h e picture derived f r o m such studies is t h a t of a p o r o u s m e m b r a n e in w h i c h n e u r o h y p o p h y s e a l h o r m o n e accelerates net w a t e r t r a n s p o r t by increasing the size of pores at the m u c o s a l surface. This i n t e r p r e t a t i o n is in a c c o r d with the results a n d views of K o e f o e d -J o h n s e n a n d Ussing (2).

show abstract

Section: Site Of Selective Barrier To Penetration Of Bladder By Solutesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: E T H O D Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E T H O D Smentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Permeability of the Isolated Toad Bladder to Solutes and Its Modification by Vasopressin

Leaf

Hays

1962

The Journal of General Physiology

Self Cite

181

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As water leaves urine in the collecting duct, the concentration of urea increases and urea can diffuse passively into the adjacent medullary interstitium consistent with its concentration gradient across the duct epithelium. This passive diffusion of urea is enhanced by antidiuretic hormone [7,17]. Consequently, one might anticipate a correlation between the concentrations of sodium and urea in the renal medulla.…”

Section: Odellmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Response of Jaundiced and Non-Jaundiced Weanling Rats to Thirsting

Odell

1968

Pediatr Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ExtractLitter-mate homozygous and heterozygous weanling rats of the Gunn strain were thirsted and fasted for 24 hours. The response of the animals to thirsting was compared by analysis of solute content of serum and composition of fluid in the renal medullae. The results are given in tables I and II. When the mean values for weight loss and serum solute concentrations were compared, it was found that the jaundiced rats were able to conserve body water as well as the non-jaundiced rats and to generate equally high concentrations of total solute in the tissue water of the renal medulla. Only two of the twelve jaundiced animals showed evidence of failure to develop the expected hypertonicity of the medullary tissue water. This failure was qualitatively similar to that found in adult jaundiced rats. Despite the presence of higher concentrations of bilirubin in serum, the medullary bilirubin content of the jaundiced weanling rat was only 5 % of the concentration found in adult animals. The sodium and urea concentrations in the renal medullary fluid were correlated (p <0.001) in the homozygous jaundiced rats (table IV and fig. 1). A similar correlation was not found in the non-jaundiced heterozygous animals. This finding suggests that the normal rat kidney has at least two mechanisms for renal transport of urea, one of which is sodium dependent and the other sodium independent and that the latter mechanism is inoperative in the jaundiced weanling rat. SpeculationIn vitro studies of bilirubin have previously suggested that toxicity is exerted by its surface activity on mitochondrial membranes. The examination of renal function in the intact jaundiced animal has revealed the possibility that tubular transport systems for urea and sodium are impaired in the presence of high concentrations of bilirubin in the renal medulla. These transport systems involve the maintenance of concentration gradients of sodium and urea across tubular epithelium. Bilirubin, through its surface activity, could impair the selective permeability of the membranes involved in urea and sodium transport within the renal medulla.

show abstract

“…It is the phylogenic and functional analog of the collecting tubule of the mammalian kidney, but offers the advantages of being more readily accessible and of being simpler histologically. It is, under resting conditions, relatively impermeable to water and urea, but becomes more permeable to these simple substances upon being treated with any of a number of neurohypophyseal hormones, including oxytocin, arginine vasopressin, lysine vasopressin, and arginine vasotocin (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). In addition, these hormones stimulate the net active transport of sodium ions from the mucosal to the serosal surface of the bladder (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of the Toad's Urinary Bladder as Related to Its Physiology

Peachey

Rasmussen

1961

The Journal of Cell Biology

254

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The structure of the urinary bladder of the toad Bufo marinus was studied by light and electron microscopy. The epithelium covering the mucosal surface of the bladder is 3 to l0 microns thick and consists of squamous epithelial cells, goblet cells, and a third class of cells containing many mitochondria and possibly representing goblet cells in early stages of their secretory cycle. This epithelium is supported on a lamina propria 30 to several hundred microns thick and containing collagen fibrils, bundles of smooth muscle fibers, and blood vessels. The serosal surface of the bladder is covered by an incomplete mesothelium. The cytoplasm of the squamous epithelial cells, which greatly outnumber the other types of cells, is organized in a way characteristic of epithelial secretory cells. Mitochondria, smooth and rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, a Golgi apparatus, "multivesicular bodies," and isolated particles and vesicles are present. Secretion granules are found immediately under the plasma membranes of the free surfaces of the epithelial cells and are seen to fuse with these membranes and release their contents to contribute to a fibrous surface coating found only on the fi'ee mucosal surfaces of the cells. Beneath the plasma membranes on these surfaces is an additional, finely granular component. Lateral and basal plasma membranes are heavily plicated and appear ordinary in fine structure. The cells of the epithelium are tightly held together by a terminal bar apparatus and sealed together, with an intervening space of only 0.02 mu near the bladder lumen, in such a way as to prevent water leakage between the cells. It is demonstrated in in vitro experiments that water traversing the bladder wall passes through the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells and that a vesicle transport mechanism is not involved. In vitro experiments also show that the basal (serosal) surfaces of the epithelial cells are freely permeable to water, while the free (mucosal) surfaces are normally relatively impermeable but become permeable when the serosal surface of the bladder is treated with neurohypophyseal hormones. The permeability barrier found at the mucosal surface may be represented, structurally, either by the filamentous layer lying external to the plasma membrane, by the intracellular, granular component found just under the plasma membrane, or by both of these components of the mucosal surface complex. The polarity of the epithelial sheet is emphasized and related to the physiological role of the urinary bladder in amphibian water balance mechanisms.

show abstract

The Effect of Neurohypophyseal Hormones on the Permeability of the Toad Bladder to Urea*

Cited by 128 publications

References 29 publications

Permeability of the Isolated Toad Bladder to Solutes and Its Modification by Vasopressin

Permeability of the Isolated Toad Bladder to Solutes and Its Modification by Vasopressin

The Response of Jaundiced and Non-Jaundiced Weanling Rats to Thirsting

Structure of the Toad's Urinary Bladder as Related to Its Physiology

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About