The effect of nanomaterials on properties of geopolymers derived from industrial by-products: A state-of-the-art review

Jindal, Bharat Bhushan; Sharma, Rahul

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119028

Cited by 97 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…The most noticeable band in the figure is found at 1000 cm -1 , related to the stretching of the Si-O-Al bond in the reaction products. The bands observed by the authors are compatible with other published works [18], [79], [80], [84]. The authors attributed the higher resistance obtained by geopolymers with 5% palm oil to the most noticeable bands observed by this composition, which proves the efficiency of the alkaline activation reaction [86].…”

Section: Characterizaion Of Gels Formed In the Aa Reactionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…For the determination of the crystalline structure, one of the main techniques employed is X-ray diffraction, and it is even possible to perform the quantitative determination of zeolite since a reliable database is available [76]. This technique is very widespread in the control of zeolites industrial production [77], for example, and some authors have sought to apply it to the study of alkali-activated materials [78], [79].…”

Section: Characterizaion Of Gels Formed In the Aa Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reaction mechanisms of alkali-activated materials

Marvila

Azevedo

Vieira

2021

Rev. IBRACON Estrut. Mater.

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The Alkali-Activated Materials (AAM) are defined as materials obtained through the reaction between precursors and activators, and are separated into two classes depending on the products formed in the reaction, those rich in calcium, as the blast furnace slag, whose Ca/(Si+Al) ratio is higher than 1; and poor in calcium, which is the geopolymers subclass. In this review article, some bibliographical aspects were discussed regarding the discovery of these materials, through research conducted by Victor Glukhovsky and through the characterization of historical monuments by Davidovits, which began in the 50s and 60s and persist to the present day. The main products obtained in the alkaline activation reaction were also addressed, using the definition of polysialates and zeolites, in the case of geopolymers, and the tobermorite structure, in the case of materials rich in calcium. The main steps of the alkali-activated reaction, such as dissolution, condensation, polycondensation, crystallization, and hardening, were discussed. Some techniques for characterizing the AA reaction products were also examined, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the main factors that interfere in the kinetics of AA reactions were explored, in which the type of cure and the activating solution used in the alkali-activated materials production stands out.

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Section: Characterizaion Of Gels Formed In the Aa Reactionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Characterizaion Of Gels Formed In the Aa Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction mechanisms of alkali-activated materials

Marvila

Azevedo

Vieira

2021

Rev. IBRACON Estrut. Mater.

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“…Over the last few years, the cement industry has caused an effect on global warming with carbon dioxide emissions, estimated to be nearly 5–7% of total CO 2 emissions in the environment [ 1 ]. Therefore, in recent years, most of the research has focused on geopolymer materials that can be synthesized from an alkaline activation process of various organic materials or low-cost industrial byproducts, such as fly ash, rice husk ash, furnace slag as green materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Nanosilica on Mechanical Properties and Fracture Toughness of Geopolymer Cement

et al. 2021

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Nanosilica produced from physically-processed white rice husk ash agricultural waste can be incorporated into geopolymer cement-based materials to improve the mechanical and micro performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of natural nanosilica on the mechanical properties and microstructure of geopolymer cement. It examined the mechanical behavior of geopolymer paste reinforced with 2, 3, and 4 wt% nanosilica. The tests of compressive strength, direct tensile strength, three bending tests, Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were undertaken to evaluate the effect of nanosilica addition to the geopolymer paste. The addition of 2 wt% nanosilica in the geopolymer paste increased the compressive strength by 22%, flexural strength by 82%, and fracture toughness by 82% but decreased the direct tensile strength by 31%. The microstructure analysis using SEM, XRD, and FTIR showed the formation of calcium alumina-silicate hydrate (C–A–S–H) gel. The SEM images also revealed a compact and cohesive geopolymer matrix, indicating that the mechanical properties of geopolymers with 2 wt% nanosilica were improved. Thus, it is feasible for nanosilica to be used as a binder.

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“…They have been attracting more and more attention worldwide. Today the primary application of geopolymers in civil engineering is the development and production of building materials as a potential alternative to traditional materials with high energy consumption and pollution [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Geopolymers are expected to be green binding material and consume less energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geopolymers/alkali-activated binders have attracted considerable attention as promising construction and repair materials since their discovery because of their superior properties. Moreover, less pollution was caused by geopolymer/alkali-activated concretes than conventional cement concretes [ 17 , 18 ]. However, further research is needed to identify the sustainability and low-carbon nature of geopolymers and related products [ 1 , 3 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Geopolymer Coatings Containing Multi-Componential Precursors: Preparation and Basic Properties Characterization

et al. 2020

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This paper presents an experimental investigation on geopolymer coatings (GPC) in terms of surface protection of civil structures. The GPC mixtures were prepared with a quadruple precursor simultaneously containing fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS), metakaolin (MK), and Portland cement (OPC). Setting time, compressive along with adhesive strength and permeability, were tested and interpreted from a perspective of potential applications. The preferred GPC with favorable setting time (not shorter than 120 min) and desirable compressive strength (not lower than 35 MPa) was selected from 85 mixture formulations. The results indicate that balancing strength and setting behavior is viable with the aid of the multi-componential precursor and the mixture design based on total molar ratios of key oxides or chemical elements. Adhesive strength of the optimized GPC mixtures was ranged from 1.5 to 3.4 MPa. The induced charge passed based on a rapid test of coated concrete specimens with the preferred GPC was 30% lower than that of the uncoated ones. Setting time of GPC was positively correlated with η[Si/(Na+Al)]. An abrupt increase of setting time occurred when the molar ratio was greater than 1.1. Compressive strength of GPC was positively affected by mass contents of ground granulated blast furnace slag, metakaolin and ordinary Portland cement, and was negatively affected by mass content of fly ash, respectively. Sustained seawater immersion impaired the strength of GPC to a negligible extent. Overall, GPC potentially serves a double purpose of satisfying the usage requirements and achieving a cleaner future.

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The effect of nanomaterials on properties of geopolymers derived from industrial by-products: A state-of-the-art review

Cited by 97 publications

References 131 publications

Reaction mechanisms of alkali-activated materials

Reaction mechanisms of alkali-activated materials

The Effects of Nanosilica on Mechanical Properties and Fracture Toughness of Geopolymer Cement

Protective Geopolymer Coatings Containing Multi-Componential Precursors: Preparation and Basic Properties Characterization

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