The effect of nanocrystalline cellulose and TEMPO-oxidized nanocellulose on the compatibility of polypropylene/cyclic natural rubber blends

Abstract

The effect of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and nanofiber cellulose (NFC) was estimated as a means of reinforcing and compatibilizing agent of polypropylene/ cyclic natural rubber (PP/CNR) blend in terms of mechanical and thermal properties. The morphological effect of NCC and NFC on the PP/CNR blend property was determined through several characterization techniques, i.e. SEM, contact and TGA/DTG. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the addition of NCC and NFC became more homogenous than without the addition of nanocellulose. The improvement of nanocomposites was also observed on the result of interphase surface tension and thermal stability. This improvement was assumed as the result of physically/ chemically interaction of nanocellulose with the backbone of PP and CNR, in which the nanocellulose can be imagined acting as a bridge to link the PP and CNR’s backbone.

Multifunctional Nanocellulose/Carbon Nanotube Composite Aerogels for High-Efficiency Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

“…45 Furthermore, possible lignin contamination induces thermal decomposition at 200−340 °C, reducing thermal stability. 46 Likewise, the presence of carboxyl groups, which are known to have limited heat resistance, compromises the thermal degradation of TCNF. Ultimately, as a result of TEMPO oxidation, it is possible that a reduction in the degree of polymerization could lead to lower decomposition temperature.…”

“…This observation is related to a smaller fiber size, resulting in a higher specific surface area with more accessible sites . Furthermore, possible lignin contamination induces thermal decomposition at 200–340 °C, reducing thermal stability . Likewise, the presence of carboxyl groups, which are known to have limited heat resistance, compromises the thermal degradation of TCNF.…”

Micro- and Nanocellulose in Polymer Composite Materials: A Review

“…In addition, Mahendra et al [ 199 ] carried out a study on the effect of oil palm NCC and TEMPO-oxidized nanocellulose on the compatibility of polypropylene/cyclic natural rubber (PP/CNR) blends. The result showed that the addition of NCC enhanced the mechanical properties of the polymer nanocomposites compared to the neat polymer.…”

Surface Modified Nanocellulose and Its Reinforcement in Natural Rubber Matrix Nanocomposites: A Review

“…Mahendra et al [ 56 ] TEMPO-oxidized nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and nanofiber cellulose (NFC) from lower part of empty fruit bunches and reinforced them into polypropylene (PP)/cyclic natural rubber (CNR) (80/20) nanocomposites. NCC produced in this study has larger diameter and lower aspect ratio (L/D) compared to that of the NFC.…”

“…These carboxylate groups could then assist in obtaining nanocellulose with different functionalities by acting as a platform to gather metals ions by ion exchange [67]. Mahendra et al [56] TEMPO-oxidized nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and nanofiber cellulose (NFC) from lower part of empty fruit bunches and reinforced them into polypropylene (PP)/cyclic natural rubber (CNR) (80/20) nanocomposites. NCC produced in this study has larger diameter and lower aspect ratio (L/D) compared to that of the NFC.…”