The effect of muscle ageing and sarcopenia on spinal segmental loads

Ignasiak, Dominika; Valenzuela, Waldo; Ferguson, Stephen J.

doi:10.1007/s00586-018-5729-3

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Women generally have lower muscle mass than men with a higher prevalence of vertebral fragility fractures, which could be a result of the loss of protective muscle mass [19]. Ignasiak et al [20] simulated the effect of aging and sarcopenia in a spine model to determine muscle recruitment patterns and spinal loads. They simulated the loss of muscle fibers of back extensors, erector spinae, and multifidus that occurs with normal aging and sarcopenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Sarcopenia Increase the Risk for Fresh Vertebral Fragility Fractures?: A Case-Control Study

et al. 2020

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Sarcopenia is an age associated condition characterized by decrease in muscle mass, strength, and physical performance. We aimed to investigate whether sarcopenia increased the risk of vertebral fragility fractures among the elderly. Overview of Literature: Initial reports on sarcopenia suggest its contribution to the development of vertebral fragility fractures. However, recent studies showed contradictory findings. Methods: Fifty-one consecutive patients with vertebral fragility fractures and matched controls without fractures were evaluated for sarcopenia, T-score, body mass index, and presence of preexisting vertebral fractures. Sarcopenia was diagnosed as total psoas cross-sectional area (TPA) 2 standard deviations below normative value from normal young adults and decreased handgrip strength (26 kg for men and 18 kg for women). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the fresh fracture occurrence as the dependent variable. Results: Sarcopenia was confirmed in 29.4% and 7.8% of cases and controls (p=0.005), respectively; 56.8% and 13.7% of cases and controls had previous vertebral fractures. Sarcopenia prevalence was greater among those with previous fractures (38% vs. 7.6%; odds ratio, 7.76; p<0.001). TPA was lower among the cases (1,278 mm 2 vs. 1,569 mm 2 , p=0.001) and those with previous fractures (1,168 mm 2 vs. 1,563 mm 2 , p<0.001). Handgrip strength was greater among those without previous fractures (19.6 kg vs. 16.3 kg, p=0.05). In multivariate analysis, sarcopenia was not identified as a significant predictor of fresh fractures whereas previous fractures and lower T-score were found to be significant. Conclusions: Sarcopenia is not an independent risk factor for fresh vertebral fragility fractures in the elderly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Sarcopenia Increase the Risk for Fresh Vertebral Fragility Fractures?: A Case-Control Study

et al. 2020

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“…Based on aging from the third to the sixth decade of life, ≥60% of normal strength, sarcopenia is mild of 60% strength, moderate of �8% strength, severe of 36% strength, very severe of 2�% strength. These results revealed that severe and very severe stages of sarcopenia were associated with substantial increases up to 318 N of compression at the levels of the upper thoracic spine, and up to 176 N of shear loading along the thoracolumbar spine [22]. Schlaeger et al [23] reported that proton density fat fraction (PDFF) of MRI in erector spinae muscle could be related to muscle strength.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Briggs et al [21] mentioned that intervertebral disc integrity as well as paravertebral muscle strength would prevent the spine from suffering vertebral fracture. Moreover, Igna-siak et al [22] reported that several stages of aging and sarcopenia were modeled by identifying reduced strength of erector spinae and multifidus muscles. Based on aging from the third to the sixth decade of life, ≥60% of normal strength, sarcopenia is mild of 60% strength, moderate of �8% strength, severe of 36% strength, very severe of 2�% strength.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Using Fat Degeneration of Lumbar Extensor Muscle as an Alternative Diagnostic Criterion for Sarcopenia in Patients with Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures

et al. 2020

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Study Design: Feasibility study.Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of using fat degeneration of lumbar extensor muscle (LEM) as an alternative diagnostic criterion for sarcopenia in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures.Overview of Literature: Although sarcopenia has been gaining increased attention among researchers and healthcare practitioners, there is uncertainty about the association between sarcopenia and fat degeneration of LEM.Methods: In this study, 33 patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures (group 1) and 29 patients without such fractures (group 2) were enrolled. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in accordance with the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria, including assessment of extremity muscle mass using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, grip strength, and gait speed. The bone mineral density and fat degeneration of LEM were investigated using magnetic resonance imaging.Results: The mean rates of fat degeneration of LEM and the skeletal muscle index were 38.3% and 5.5 kg/m2 in group 1 and 28.9% and 6.3 kg/m2 in group 2, respectively. The fat degeneration of LEM was negatively correlated with gait speed (r=−0.44, p=0.01) and handgrip strength (r=−0.37, p=0.01). The fat degeneration of LEM also demonstrated a significant relationship with osteoporotic vertebral fractures (p=0.01). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis between fat degeneration of LEM and osteoporotic vertebral fractures showed that the cut-off value of fat degeneration was 31.9% (sensitivity=0.67, specificity=0.66). There was a positive correlation between sarcopenia defined by the AWGS and that defined by the 31.90% cut-off value of fat degeneration of LEM instead of extremity muscle mass (r=0.46, p=0.01).Conclusions: These results suggest the feasibility of using fat degeneration of LEM as an alternative diagnostic criterion for sarcopenia in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures. A cut-off value of fat degeneration of LEM of 31.9% was shown to be useful for diagnosing osteoporotic vertebral fractures.

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“…Few studies investigated the whole spine to determine the association between kyphosis and spinal loads in vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs [10] ing the radiographic data from patients with kyphosis, and concluded that increases in thoracic kyphosis were associated with significantly higher multi-segmental spinal load and trunk muscle forces in the upright stance [12]. Ignasiak et al investigated the effects of muscle aging and sarcopenia on spinal load using generic AnyBody musculoskeletal multibody modeling, which was similar to our original model [24]. In their study which highlighted the effect of muscle or sarcopenia, forward flexion of the whole spine was simulated to observe changes in spinal load.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, several biomechanical studies using a musculoskeletal model of the entire spine, including the rib cage or whole body, have been developed [10] [21] [22] [23] [24]. We also developed a novel musculoskeletal model of the entire spinal column, which was modified from the original model for the lumbar spine, which included the thoracic cage as one rigid body [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of Intervertebral Disc Pressure in the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine in Elderly Women with Kyphosis Using a Novel Musculoskeletal Model with Isolated Thoracic Vertebrae and Rib Cage

Iida¹,

Miyakoshi²,

Hongo³

et al. 2019

OJO

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Background: Degeneration of the intervertebral disc is one of the causes of kyphosis. Several biomechanical studies have investigated the mechanisms of development of spinal deformity using simulation models. Realistic musculoskeletal models are helpful for investigating the pathophysiology and changes in internal forces in patients with kyphosis. However, the association between intervertebral disc pressure and kyphosis has not been fully elucidated to date. Purpose: To calculate intervertebral disc pressure in elderly women with kyphosis using a novel and precise thoracolumbar three-dimensional musculoskeletal model. Materials and Method: Ten female patients with a mean age of 80.0 ± 6.5 years who visited our hospital for medical examination of osteoporosis were included. The subjects were divided into the normal and kyphosis groups depending on their sagittal vertical axis. Intervertebral disc pressures in the thoracic and lumbar spines of subjects were analyzed by inverse dynamics analysis using a novel three-dimensional musculoskeletal model, and were compared between the groups. Result: Significant differences in lumbar lordosis (LL) were observed between the two groups. Furthermore, the kyphosis group was older and shorter. In the kyphosis group, the upper thoracic vertebrae (T1 -T6) showed significantly higher intervertebral pressure than the normal group. Conclusion: Intervertebral disc pressure in the thoracic and lumbar spines of patients with spinal deformities was evaluated using a novel thoracolumbar three-dimensional musculoskeletal model. Us-How to cite this paper: Iida, J., Miyakoshi,

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The effect of muscle ageing and sarcopenia on spinal segmental loads

Abstract: The study highlights the distinct and detrimental consequences of sarcopenia, in contrast to normal ageing, on spinal loading and required muscular effort. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.

Cited by 38 publications

References 58 publications

Does Sarcopenia Increase the Risk for Fresh Vertebral Fragility Fractures?: A Case-Control Study

Does Sarcopenia Increase the Risk for Fresh Vertebral Fragility Fractures?: A Case-Control Study

Feasibility of Using Fat Degeneration of Lumbar Extensor Muscle as an Alternative Diagnostic Criterion for Sarcopenia in Patients with Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures

Calculation of Intervertebral Disc Pressure in the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine in Elderly Women with Kyphosis Using a Novel Musculoskeletal Model with Isolated Thoracic Vertebrae and Rib Cage

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