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In this study, samples of maize and grass silage were collected from various farms of Lithuania and were analysed for mycotoxins: aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T-2) and zearalenone (ZEA), over the 2017-2019 period. Silage nutrient composition, including content of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, starch (for maize), and acidity (pH) were investigated, and fermentation degree was computed. All samples contained at least one mycotoxin, 85% of samples were co-contaminated with all four mycotoxins tested, 13% of samples contained three and only 1.5% of samples contained two mycotoxins. In general, the concentrations of DON, ZEA and T-2 were respectively 5, 1.7 and 2 times higher in maize silage than in grass one. Maize silage had the highest levels of ZEA and AFB 1 , exceeding the European Union's (EU) maximum allowable limits. In grass silage, mycotoxin with the highest concentration exceeding the allowable limits was AFB 1 . Between the experimental years, statistically significant differences were found only in T-2 content in maize silage. Silage storage had an impact only on AFB 1 concentrations: its highest concentration (10.9 ± 1.1 μg kg -1 ) was found in trench silos, while in silage clamps and bales that ones were lower by 48% and 44%, respectively. DON negatively correlated with dry matter in grass silage. ZEA negatively correlated with crude protein content and pH in maize silage and with dry matter and crude fibre content and pH in grass silage, but positively correlated with fermentation degree in both silages. T-2 negatively correlated with crude protein content and positively correlated with crude fibre content in grass silage.
In this study, samples of maize and grass silage were collected from various farms of Lithuania and were analysed for mycotoxins: aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T-2) and zearalenone (ZEA), over the 2017-2019 period. Silage nutrient composition, including content of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, starch (for maize), and acidity (pH) were investigated, and fermentation degree was computed. All samples contained at least one mycotoxin, 85% of samples were co-contaminated with all four mycotoxins tested, 13% of samples contained three and only 1.5% of samples contained two mycotoxins. In general, the concentrations of DON, ZEA and T-2 were respectively 5, 1.7 and 2 times higher in maize silage than in grass one. Maize silage had the highest levels of ZEA and AFB 1 , exceeding the European Union's (EU) maximum allowable limits. In grass silage, mycotoxin with the highest concentration exceeding the allowable limits was AFB 1 . Between the experimental years, statistically significant differences were found only in T-2 content in maize silage. Silage storage had an impact only on AFB 1 concentrations: its highest concentration (10.9 ± 1.1 μg kg -1 ) was found in trench silos, while in silage clamps and bales that ones were lower by 48% and 44%, respectively. DON negatively correlated with dry matter in grass silage. ZEA negatively correlated with crude protein content and pH in maize silage and with dry matter and crude fibre content and pH in grass silage, but positively correlated with fermentation degree in both silages. T-2 negatively correlated with crude protein content and positively correlated with crude fibre content in grass silage.
In modern manufacturing of livestock production, the outstanding value is allocated for a food supply. The main criterion for evaluating the quality of feed components is the nutrient content of the feed ration. However, in the process of the storage, the maintenance of the nutritious substances decreases for various reasons that are leading to decreasing livestock efficiency and increasing the cost. The results of the use of a two-phase compaction of the forage vegetable components on the example of the alfalfa are given in the article. The dependence coefficient of the nutritional preservation on density of the alfalfa put on storage are also presented in this article. The applied method and the results obtained can be used in the development and design offices to create new equipment based on the two-phase compaction of the fodder vegetable component mixes by preparing them for storage. The application of this method brings to decreasing losses of nutrients in the storage process which reduces the components cost in total with increasing additional weights and the milk productivity.
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