The Effect of Midazolam on Implicit Memory Tests

Hirshman, Elliot; Passannante, Anthony N.; Henzler, Amanda

doi:10.1006/brcg.1999.1132

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…10 and 11). Specifically, performance on tests of implicit memory is much less vulnerable to contamination by explicit memory (12,13).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Benzodiazepines facilitate the action of ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by increasing the binding of GABA to GABA A receptors. GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, and GABA A receptors are expressed throughout the brain with a very high density in the hippocampal system, which has been established as critical for explicit memory (13,16). Midazolam is a benzodiazepine that has the benefits of being metabolized quickly and of being watersoluble (13).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, and GABA A receptors are expressed throughout the brain with a very high density in the hippocampal system, which has been established as critical for explicit memory (13,16). Midazolam is a benzodiazepine that has the benefits of being metabolized quickly and of being watersoluble (13). These attributes help minimize potential side effects without disturbing other cognitive functions when midazolam is given in low doses, thereby providing a tool to investigate distinct forms of memory based on conscious accessibility in healthy participants (17,18).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, a few studies (e.g., ref. 13) showed that midazolam might have a small effect on priming, although the degree of impairment has been much larger for tests of explicit memory, and the interpretation of the finding is open to debate. § In this study we examine both implicit and explicit memory performance in healthy participants with a double-blind drug administration using a within-subject design to control participant variability.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The effect of midazolam on visual search: Implications for understanding amnesia

Park

Quinlan

Thornton

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The notion of multiple memory systems based on conscious accessibility has been supported largely by neuropsychological patient studies. Specifically, it was widely held that amnesic patients have impaired explicit memory performance but spared implicit memory performance. However, recent patient studies have called the implicit͞explicit memory distinction into question. In this study, normal participants were tested on a visual search task, once after an injection of midazolam, an anesthetic that induces temporary amnesia, and once after an injection of saline. Under the influence of midazolam, participants did not show facilitation in search times for repeated configurations (contextual cuing), although there was a general speed-up in performance across blocks in both the midazolam and saline conditions. Neither the contextual-cuing effect nor the procedural-learning effect was available to subjective experience, yet only one of these was affected by midazolam-induced amnesia. These data call into question the notion that memory systems divide on the basis of subjective experience of consciousness or reportability. Rather, the findings support the contention that anterograde amnesia affects learning that depends on building novel associations in memory and that this deficit does not hinge upon accessibility to consciousness. explicit memory ͉ implicit memory ͉ synthetic amnesia

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“…10 and 11). Specifically, performance on tests of implicit memory is much less vulnerable to contamination by explicit memory (12,13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The effect of midazolam on visual search: Implications for understanding amnesia

Park

Quinlan

Thornton

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Because of possible transfer or carryover effects (Hindmarch, 1980;Krauth, 2000), repeated measures of memory as part of either the experimental settings (see, e.g., Coen, Kinsella, Lambe, Kenny, & Darragh, 1990;Hirshman, Passannante, & Henzler, 1999;Peters & Levin, 1979;Plihal & Born, 1997;Soetens, Casaer, D'Hooge, & Hueting, 1995) or clinical and diagnostic testing (e.g., Crawford, Stewart, & Moore, 1989;Randt, Brown, & Osborne, 1980;Wechsler & Stone, 1973) require two or more lists containing different words. Yet, the words must match as closely as possible with respect to all psycholinguistic attributes that might affect recall-that is, the lists must be parallel.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%