The Effect of Methods of Cutting and Grinding on Sensitization in Surface Layers on AISI 304 Stainless Steel

Majidi, Azar P.; Streicher, Michael A.

doi:10.5006/1.3577915

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The DL-EPR test optimum conditions for the austenitic stainless steel correspond to the following: electrolyte composed of 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 and 0.01 M NH 4 SCN, electrolyte temperature close to 25°C, and a potential scanning rate of 1 mV/s. To emphasize the importance of the DL-EPR operating conditions regarding the test response, other conditions reported by previous investigators [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]11,13,14,17] were also tested to evaluate the DOS of annealed and aged AISI 316L SS. The corresponding DOS values, reported in Table VI, reveal clear advantages of the optimum operating conditions established in this study.…”

Section: Synthesis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the activator is HCl in the case of the EPR modified method. [2,19] It is also indicated that the potential scanning rate ranges between 0.5 and 5 mV/s [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]18] and that the selected electrolyte temperature is 25°C [2,11] or 30°C. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]12,13,16,18] In spite of numerous studies involving the EPR technique, the optimum operating conditions remain unidentified for many commercial alloys likely to be sensitized to IGC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Evaluation of Aged AISI 316L Stainless Steel Sensitization to Intergranular Corrosion: Comparison Between Microstructural Electrochemical and Analytical Methods

Sidhom¹,

Amadou²,

Sahlaoui³

et al. 2007

Metall Mater Trans A

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The evaluation of the degree of sensitization (DOS) to intergranular corrosion (IGC) of a commercial AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel aged at temperatures ranging from 550°C to 800°C during 100 to 80,000 hours was carried out using three different assessment methods.(1) The microstructural method coupled with the Strauss standard test (ASTM A262). This method establishes the kinetics of the precipitation phenomenon under different aging conditions, by transmission electronic microscope (TEM) examination of thin foils and electron diffraction. The subsequent chromium-depleted zones are characterized by X-ray microanalysis using scanning transmission electronic microscope (STEM). The superimposition of microstructural time-temperature-precipitation (TTP) and ASTM A262 time-temperature-sensitization (TTS) diagrams provides the relationship between aged microstructure and IGC. Moreover, by considering the chromium-depleted zone characteristics, sensitization and desensitization criteria could be established. (2) The electrochemical method involving the double loop-electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) test. The operating conditions of this test were initially optimized using the experimental design method on the bases of the reliability, the selectivity, and the reproducibility of test responses for both annealed and sensitized steels. The TTS diagram of the AISI 316L stainless steel was established using this method. This diagram offers a quantitative assessment of the DOS and a possibility to appreciate the time-temperature equivalence of the IGC sensitization and desensitization. (3) The analytical method based on the chromium diffusion models. Using the IGC sensitization and desensitization criteria established by the microstructural method, numerical solving of the chromium diffusion equations leads to a calculated AISI 316L TTS diagram. Comparison of these three methods gives a clear advantage to the nondestructive DL-EPR test when it is used with its optimized operating conditions. This quantitative method is simple to perform; it is fast, reliable, economical, and presents the best ability to detect the lowest DOS to IGC. For these reasons, this method can be considered as a serious candidate for IGC checking of stainless steel components of industrial plants.

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Section: Synthesis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Evaluation of Aged AISI 316L Stainless Steel Sensitization to Intergranular Corrosion: Comparison Between Microstructural Electrochemical and Analytical Methods

Sidhom¹,

Amadou²,

Sahlaoui³

et al. 2007

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…[7] In spite of several studies performed on the prior-deformation effect on sensitization and IGC, a universally accepted conclusion is yet to be made. The reasons of such conflicting results could be due to the consideration of limited strains (either tensile or compressive), [4,6,8,9] temperatures, [8,10,11] or times [7,10,12] as variables in such studies. In this study, we use a wide range of the aforementioned variables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

The effects of cold working on sensitization and intergranular corrosion behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel

Singh

Chattoraj

Kumar

et al. 2003

Metall Mater Trans A

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The effects of prior cold rolling of up to an 80 pct reduction in thickness on the sensitizationdesensitization behavior of Type AISI 304 stainless steel and its susceptibility to intergranular corrosion have been studied by electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR) and Strauss-test methods.The results indicate that the prior deformation accelerated the sensitization as compared to the undeformed stainless steel. The deformed Type 304 stainless steel experienced desensitization at higher temperatures and times, and it was found to be enhanced by increased cold deformation. This could be attributed to the increased long-range chromium diffusion, possibly brought on by increasing pipe diffusion and vacancies. The role of the deformation-induced martensite (DIM) and texture, introduced by uniaxial cold rolling, on the sensitization-desensitization kinetics has also been discussed. This study could not reveal any systematic relationship between texture and the degree of sensitization (DOS) obtained. The effect of DIM on DOS seems to be pronounced at 500°C when the steel retained significant amounts of DIM; however, the retained DIM is insignificant at higher sensitization times and temperatures.

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“…Though it is well observed that the increase in prior deformation accelerates the sensitization process [7,20,[22][23][24][25][26], there are also reports [12,27] in support of the non monotonous behaviour between cold work and sensitization. In fact, besides the increase in the rate of sensitization, higher deformation also enhances the diffusion of chromium which in turn increases the desensitization process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the effect of uniaxial tensile strain on the early stages of sensitization in AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel

Chowdhury

Guchhait

Mitra

et al. 2015

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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Abstract:In the present study, an attempt has been made to understand the effect of different competing mechanisms controlling the overall degree of sensitization (DOS) of deformed austenitic stainless steel at the early stage of sensitization. The Double Loop Electrochemical Potentiokinetic Reactivation (DL-EPR) studies were performed to characterize the Degree of Sensitization (DOS) as functions of pre-defined strain and sensitization temperature. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to explain the phenomena qualitatively. A non monotonous behaviour in the variation of DOS has been observed with deformation and sensitization temperature. The presence of Deformation Induced Martensites (DIM) and their transformation into tempered martensites ( + Fe 3 C) at higher temperatures was found to play major roles in controlling the overall sensitization and desensitization processes.

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The Effect of Methods of Cutting and Grinding on Sensitization in Surface Layers on AISI 304 Stainless Steel

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Quantitative Evaluation of Aged AISI 316L Stainless Steel Sensitization to Intergranular Corrosion: Comparison Between Microstructural Electrochemical and Analytical Methods

Quantitative Evaluation of Aged AISI 316L Stainless Steel Sensitization to Intergranular Corrosion: Comparison Between Microstructural Electrochemical and Analytical Methods

The effects of cold working on sensitization and intergranular corrosion behavior of AISI 304 stainless steel

Understanding the effect of uniaxial tensile strain on the early stages of sensitization in AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel

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