The effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of glass-ionomer cement

Abstract

ObjectivesThis study examined the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC) modified by the addition of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles.Materials and methodsMgO nanoparticles were characterised by XRD, FTIR, and SEM analysis and tested for its activity against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. MgO nanoparticles were incorporated into GIC powder (Ketac Molar Easymix) at different concentrations and the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity was evaluated using agar disk diffusion and biofilm-CFU counting assays. ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests were used for the analysis, and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsMgO nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against both microorganisms (MIC = 500 μg/ml and MBC = 1000 μg/ml). A significant difference in the zones of inhibition was detected (p < 0.005). The effect was evident in the 2.5% MgO nanoparticle modified GIC while the CFU counting biofilm assay showed the effect of the added nanoparticles from 1% with a significant difference between the tested material groups (p < 0.005).ConclusionsThe MgO nanoparticle modified GIC showed effective antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against two cariogenic microorganisms and could be considered for further development as a biocompatible antibacterial dental restorative cement.

Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Against Bacterial Biofilms: Perspectives and Limitations

“…MgO NPs show activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, spores, and viruses [ 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 ] at sufficiently high particle concentrations (on average 100–1200 µg/mL). In particular, MIC of MgO NPs for E. coli were determined to be 1 mg/mL [ 114 ].…”

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“…Also, the combination of NPs and MgOs with the help of light radiation can enhance the production of ROS and kill bacteria. (Figure 1) [25].…”

Recent Applications of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) Nanoparticles in various domains

“…Through passing years researchers have synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticle and studied them in detail for their properties and applications [40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. Many research groups have reviewed their properties, synthesis, and applications.…”

“…Magnesium oxide nanoparticles along with glass-ionomer cement, which is a commonly used filling material in dentistry, are used as an antibacterial and antibiofilm agent to inhibit the growth and removal of these carcinogenic microorganisms. This biocompatible assortment of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and glassionomer cement can be a helpful tool for dentistry in near future [113]. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles pose a unique combination of properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, fluorescence which provides the ability to visualize cells and tissues and unlock ways for bioimaging applications, cutting-edge fluorescence guided surgery.…”