The Effect of Magnesium Deprivation on Renal Function

Greenberg, David M.; Lucia, S. P.; Tufts, Elma V.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1938.121.2.424

Cited by 36 publications

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“…A slight decrease in serum total proteins has previously been reported in magnesium-depleted rats (7). The more marked depression of the serum IgG resulting from the deficiency and the rapid increase following the administration of magnesium suggest a direct role for magnesium either in the synthesis, release, or metabolism of immunoglobulin G. The possibility that the lymphocyte/plasma cell is specially sensitive to magnesium depletion with regard to immunoglobulin synthesis should be considered.…”

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Serum Immunoglobulin G in the Magnesium-Depleted Rat

Alcock

Shils

1974

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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In a previous communication ( 1 ) , thymic hyperplasia which developed in a significant number of rats depleted of magnesium for 6-12 weeks was described. The hyperplastic glands consisted almost entirely of large cells which morphologically resembled lymphocytes transformed in vitm by antigenic stimulation (2). This observation, together with the requirement of magnesium for protein synthesis, raised the question of the relation of magnesium to the immune status in general and to immunoglobulin synthesis and secretion in particular. The present study was carried out to assess the effect of dietary magnesium depletion on plasma or serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in the rat.Materials and Methods. Animals and diets. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (Sprague-Dawley Farms, Madison, WI), initial mean weight approximately 115 g and aged approximately 35 days, were used in all except one preliminary experiment in which Charles River C.D.2 rats (Charles River Laboratories, Boston, MA) of the same age and sex were used. The animals were housed in individual wire-mesh cages and fed either a magnesium-deficient diet (Diet A ) or a control diet (Diet A + Mg) previously described (1) either ad lib. or by paired feeding as indicated under Results. The duration of experiments ranged from 14 to 88 days. Some animals were repleted with magnesium after 60-77 days of depletion with either subcutaneous or intramuscular injections of 20 mg of magnesium (as 5 % magnesium sulphate in 1Supported by NCI Grant No. 08748 to the Sloan-Kettering Institute. Sprague-Dawley strain. cesarian derived.855 physiological saline) administered over a period of 4 days in each of three experiments (Expts 1, 2, and 3). In Expt 4, two subcutaneous injections of the solution, each containing 10 mg of magnesium, were given 6 hr apart. From the time of the first injection to the termination of experiments, all of these animals were fed the same amount of Diet A + Mg as was consumed by the animals fed Diet A. At time of sacrifice, blood was collected from the dorsal aorta of ether-anesthetized animals into either heparinized syringes or in the absence of anticoagulant. In Expt 4, blood was also collected from the tip of the tail of unanesthetized animals at the commencement of and at various times during the experiment. The thymus of each animal was examined at autopsy, and in experiments of 6 or more weeks duration the gland was removed and weighed. Analytical Methods. Plasma or serum IgG was determined by the method of Fahey and McKelvey ( 3 ) with the following modifications. The antibody-agar gel was prepared in plastic petri dishes after adding 0.5 ml of either lyophilyzed rabbit antiserum to rat IgG reconstituted in sterile distilled water (Miles Laboratories Inc., Kankakee, IL) or rabbit antiserum to rat IgG (Microbiological Associates, Bethesda, MD) to 4.5 ml of 1 % special grade agarose Schwarz/Mann, Orangeburg, NY) in B-1 Beckman barbital buffer, ionic strength 0.025 (Spinco Division, Beckman Instruments, Inc., Palo Alto, CA at 56". Cylindrical wells we...

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Serum Immunoglobulin G in the Magnesium-Depleted Rat

Alcock

Shils

1974

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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Observations in Experimental Magnesium Depletion*

Whang¹,

Welt²

1963

J. Clin. Invest.

254

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Studies of experimental magnesium depletion have been reported in the past (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). This report describes a re-evaluation of this problem in which some of the previous observations have been confirmed and extended. In particular these studies were concerned with the interrelationships between magnesium deficiency and the metabolism of potassium, calcium, and phosphorus. In addition, the pathologic alterations of the kidneys were examined. These latter observations will be alluded to here, although they have been reported in an abstract (9), and will be the subject of a more detailed discussion in another publication. METHODS A-ND EXPERINIENTAL D)ESIGNFemiale Sprague-Dawley rats were used throughout. The animals were pair-fed by groups a synthetic diet free of sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphate, and magnesium. The composition of this diet is listed in Table I. In additon, each animal received daily by gavage an approp)riate electrolyte solution which will be described in specific terms later. Demineralized water was allowed at will.At the end of each experiment the animals were anesthetized with hexobarbital sodium administered intraperitoneally, and then exsanguinated from the abdominal aorta. Thigh, leg, and lumbar muscles were taken for chemical analysis, and the other tissues obtained for histologic examination. In some experiments total carcass was also analyzed. The preparation of erythrocytes for analysis involved an initial centrifugation in a plastic tube, followed by the removal of plasma and buffy coat. The red cell mass was then recentrifuged at 20,000 g for 15 minutes. At the end of this time the tube was frozen, and then a cut was made just below the top of the erythrocyte mass. In this fashion a quantity of relatively pure red cells was obtained.The chemical methods were as follows: urea nitrogen vith the autoanalyze.r utilizing the calorimetric reaction with diacetyl monoxime (10); sodium and potassium,

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“…This condition would not be expected in hyperparathyroidism but might arise from impaired kidney function. Kidney dysfunction including polyuria has been observed in magnesium-deficient rats and cats ( 13,14). The initiation of metastatic calcification is dependent upon the concentration of calcium and phosphate ions in tissue fluids.…”

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