The effect of lactic acid bacteria administration on growth, digestive enzyme activity and gut microbiota in Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) and beluga (Huso huso) fry

Abstract

The aims of this study was to assess the effect of two lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus curvatus and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, originally isolated from gastrointestinal (GI) tract of beluga (Huso huso) and Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus), respectively, on growth, survival and digestive enzyme (amylase, lipase and protease) activities and the population level of LAB in the GI tract. The treatments included 10 different groups; control, separate supplements of L. curvatus and Leu. mesenteroides at three different counts [2 · 10 9 , 5 · 10 9 and 9 · 10 9 colony forming units (CFU) per gram food] and three combinations of the two LAB (2 · 10 9 + 2 · 10 9 , 5 · 10 9 + 5 · 10 9 and 9 · 10 9 + 9 · 10 9 CFU per gram food). The bacteria used in this study were added in lyophilized form to chopped Chironomidae. In the beluga study, highest specific growth rate, survival and improved intestinal enzyme activities were noted in the rearing group fed 9 · 10 9 L. curvatus per gram food. In Persian sturgeon, the inclusion level of 2 · 10 9 Leu. mesenteroides had similar positive effect. The ability of LAB to colonize the digestive tract seems to involve host specificity, and our bacteriological results are relevant to initiate future probiotic studies in sturgeons and future directions will be discussed. KEY WORDS

Water fleas require microbiota for survival, growth and reproduction

“…Hence, the symptoms we observed in microbiota-free D. magna could be attributed to reduced food intake or energy uptake or both. This suggestion is consistent with observations of reduced fat reserves in microbiota-free mice and zebrafish (Bäckhed et al, 2004;Semova et al, 2012) and to findings from abalone and sturgeons relating the presence of different bacteria to enhanced digestive enzyme activities (Askarian et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2012). Although D. magna has digestive enzymes used for breaking down food such as proteases, amylases and lipases (Hasler, 1935;von Elert et al, 2004), the contribution of gut microbiota to these functions is unknown.…”

Effect of synbiotic dietary supplementation on survival, growth performance, and digestive enzyme activities of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings

“…(Suzer et al 2008), in grouper (Epinephelus coioides) by Psychrobacter sp. (Sun et al 2011), in beluga (Huso huso) and Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Askarian et al 2011), in grouper (E. coioides) by Lactococcus lactis and E. faecium (Sun et al 2011), and in artemia (Artemia urmiana) by B.subtilis and B. licheniformis (Ahmadnia Motlagh et al 2012). Similar results have also been reported in previous studies on prebiotics in fresh water crayfish (Cherax destructor) fed mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) (Sang et al 2011) and Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus) fingerlings fed fructooligosaccharides (FOS) (Soleimani et al 2012).…”

“…These different findings may refer to differences in quality (amount), manner of administration of E. faceium probiotic and FOS prebiotic, and the target species. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the beneficial effects of probiotics, such as: (i) antagonism towards pathogens, (ii) competition for adhesion sites, (iii) competition for nutrients, (iv) improvement of water quality, (v) stimulation of host immune responses, and (vi) enzymatic contribution to digestion (Askarian et al 2011). …”

“…The majority of probiotic studies in fish doi: 10.17221/8172-CJAS were focused on Gram-positive bacteria, such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bacillus sp., although Gram-negative bacteria (Aeromonas, Alteromonas, Photorhodobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Vibrio species), microalgae, and yeasts were reported (Wang et al 2008;Merrifield et al 2010;Nayak 2010). One potential of LAB is Enterococcus faecium that was demonstrated in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (Wang et al 2008), grouper (Epinephelus coioides) (Sun et al 2011), beluga sturgeon (Huso huso), and Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) (Askarian et al 2011).…”

Screening of Autochthonous Intestinal Microbiota as Candidate Probiotics Isolated from Four Freshwater Teleosts

“…During the last decade, attempts have been made by researchers to isolate probiotic bacteria from indigenous or exogenous microbiota of aquatic animals 13 . Although several studies have reported the efficiency of probiotics in aquaculture isolated from marine fish and shellfish [14][15][16][17][18] , only a few reports have been published regarding probiotic bacteria isolated from the gut of freshwater teleosts 19,20 . In this study, four freshwater teleosts were selected for isolation, screening and molecular identification of autochthonous gut bacteria having favourable probiotic properties such as antagonistic characteristics, production of extracellular digestive enzymes, bile tolerance, nonhaemolytic nature and bio-safety aspects.…”