The Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Inflammatory Arthritis and Cardiovascular Health in Rheumatic Conditions: A Mini Review

Ciaffi, Jacopo; Mitselman, Dmitri; Mancarella, Luana; Brusi, Veronica; Lisi, Lucia; Ruscitti, Piero; Cipriani, Paola; Melicòni, Riccardo; Giacomelli, Roberto; Borghi, Claudio; Ursini, F.

doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.792846

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Several studies analysed the link between DISH and diabetes [ 47 , 48 ], and a possible pathogenetic mechanism might be that the high levels of insulin or insulin-like growth factors stimulate new bone formation [ 49 , 50 ]. Indeed, insulin is a bone growth-promoting peptide [ 51 ] and it has been suggested as a key player in the pathophysiology of DISH and of other spinal inflammatory and degenerative disorders, with a potential effect of diet modifications on their management [ 52 – 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and characteristics of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in Italy

et al. 2022

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Purpose Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a benign condition characterized by ossification of the spine and prominent enthesopathies. Highly heterogeneous epidemiological figures have been reported in the literature, while in Italy the largest study has been conducted in 1992. The aim of our research is to contribute updated information about prevalence of DISH in Italy and to describe the clinical and radiographic characteristics associated with the disorder. Material and methods A retrospective review of lumbosacral spine, thoracic spine and pelvis radiographs was performed. Consecutive patients visiting the emergency department of our Institution over 3 years were enrolled. Presence of DISH was evaluated applying the Resnick and Niwayama criteria. Clinical and radiological features were also assessed. Results We included 1012 individuals (60.6% women), and DISH was present in 130 cases. The overall prevalence of DISH was 12.8% (95% CI 10.8–15.1), with higher figures in the male sample (16.8%) than in females (10.3%). In binary logistic regression adjusted for age, BMI (OR 1.50, p < 0.001) diabetes (OR 1.85, p = 0.003), hypertension (OR 2.04, p = 0.007) ischiopubic enthesopathy (OR 7.08, p < 0.001), iliac crest enthesopathy (OR 4.63, p < 0.001) and greater trochanter enthesopathy (OR 3.51, p < 0.001), were significantly associated with the condition. Conclusion The prevalence of DISH observed in our study is consistent with previous literature, and we confirm that the disorder is more frequently retrieved in men and that it is associated with the presence of metabolic disorders and pelvic enthesopathy. Knowledge about the epidemiology and characteristics of DISH is needed to properly identify the condition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and characteristics of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in Italy

et al. 2022

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“…The ketogenic diet (KD) involves restricting carbohydrates (to a maximum of 5–10% of total daily caloric intake), which shifts metabolism toward ketone bodies. Research and literature on KD and its anti-inflammatory properties in rheumatic diseases are still limited but have shown promise in helping patients lose weight, reduce insulin requirements in diabetes, and control the metabolic disease that is common in RA patients [ 92 ].…”

Section: Regulation Of Sirt1 As a Potential Target In Ra Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Sirtuins in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Poniewierska-Baran

Bochniak

Warias

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease leading to joint destruction. The causes of RA are not fully known. Most likely, the development of the disease depends on the coexistence of many factors, such as hereditary factors, immune system defects, gender, infectious agents, nicotine, and stress. Various epigenetic changes have been identified and correlated with the aggressive phenotype of RA, including the involvement of sirtuins, which are enzymes found in all living organisms. Their high content in the human body can slow down the aging processes, reduce cell death, counteract the appearance of inflammation, and regulate metabolic processes. Sirtuins can participate in several steps of RA pathogenesis. This narrative review presents, collects, and discusses the role of all sirtuins (1–7) in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

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“…S4). Although several studies have described the anti-inflammatory properties of a KD (Ciaffi et al, 2021 ; Dupuis et al, 2015 ), others have also observed signs of increased inflammation associated with a KD in mice (Garbow et al, 2011 ) and human subjects (Rosenbaum et al, 2019 ). Thus, no conclusive assumption can be made with regards to a KD and chronic alcohol consumption’s impact on inflammation and further research is required.…”

Section: Metabolic Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A ketogenic diet alters mTOR activity, systemic metabolism and potentially prevents collagen degradation associated with chronic alcohol consumption in mice

2023

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Introduction A ketogenic diet (KD), which is a high fat, low carbohydrate diet has been shown to inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and alter the redox state. Inhibition of the mTOR complex has been associated with the attenuation and alleviation of various metabolic and- inflammatory diseases such as neurodegeneration, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Various metabolic pathways and signalling mechanisms have been explored to assess the therapeutic potential of mTOR inhibition. However, chronic alcohol consumption has also been reported to alter mTOR activity, the cellular redox- and inflammatory state. Thus, a relevant question that remains is what effect chronic alcohol consumption would have on mTOR activity and overall metabolism during a KD-based intervention. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of alcohol and a KD on the phosphorylation of the mTORC1 target p70S6K, systemic metabolism as well as the redox- and inflammatory state in a mouse model. Methods Mice were fed either a control diet with/without alcohol or a KD with/without alcohol for three weeks. After the dietary intervention, samples were collected and subjected towards western blot analysis, multi-platform metabolomics analysis and flow cytometry. Results Mice fed a KD exhibited significant mTOR inhibition and reduction in growth rate. Alcohol consumption alone did not markedly alter mTOR activity or growth rate but moderately increased mTOR inhibition in mice fed a KD. In addition, metabolic profiling showed alteration of several metabolic pathways as well as the redox state following consumption of a KD and alcohol. A KD was also observed to potentially prevent bone loss and collagen degradation associated with chronic alcohol consumption, as indicated by hydroxyproline metabolism. Conclusion This study sheds light on the influence that a KD alongside alcohol intake can exert on not just mTOR, but also their effect on metabolic reprogramming and the redox state.

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The Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Inflammatory Arthritis and Cardiovascular Health in Rheumatic Conditions: A Mini Review

Cited by 30 publications

References 110 publications

Prevalence and characteristics of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in Italy

Prevalence and characteristics of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in Italy

Role of Sirtuins in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

A ketogenic diet alters mTOR activity, systemic metabolism and potentially prevents collagen degradation associated with chronic alcohol consumption in mice

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