The Effect of Integrated Hospital Experiences on Racial Attitudes--A Discordant Note

Brown, Barry S.; Albee, George W.

doi:10.1525/sp.1966.13.3.03a00080

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Not having contact that satisfies the essential conditions can allow institutions or prominent individuals in the wider society to express negative stereotypes or unfavorable impressions about racial or ethnic groups, without having to contend with information that may counter such messages (Ellison & Powers, 1994). Studies investigating the contact hypothesis have focused on a broad array of situations in numerous settings, such as the military (Moskos, 1966;Stouffer et al, 1949), housing projects and neighborhoods (Dixon & Reicher, 1997;Ford, 1973;Smith, 1994;Wilner, Walkley, & Cook, 1952;Zeul & Humphrey, 1971), police departments (Teahan, 1975), hospitals (Brown & Albee, 1966), corporations (Gaertner, Dovidio, & Bachman, 1996), and schools (Gaertner, Rust, Dovidio, Bachman, & Anastasio, 1994;Wittig & Grant-Thompson, 1998).…”

Section: Intergroup Contact Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Teammates On and Off the Field? Contact With Black Teammates and the Racial Attitudes of White Student Athletes¹

Brown

Brown²,

Jackson

et al. 2003

J Applied Social Pyschol

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The intergroup contact hypothesis holds that proximate, cooperative interactions on an equalized basis between Blacks and Whites can minimize Whites’ prejudice (Allport, 1954). This experiment investigated the effect of contact between White and Black high school teammates on White student athletes’ racial attitudes. Using the 1996 Social and Group Experiences (SAGE) survey (created by the authors and administered in the Fall of 1996) commissioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association, the results indicated a significant relationship between amount of contact with Black teammates in high school and racial policy support and affect, depending on the type of sport played. White student athletes playing team sports who had higher percentages of Blacks as high school teammates expressed more policy support for and greater positive affect toward Blacks as a group than did their counterparts playing individual sports. The role of athletic experiences in changing racial attitudes is discussed.

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Section: Intergroup Contact Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Teammates On and Off the Field? Contact With Black Teammates and the Racial Attitudes of White Student Athletes¹

Brown

Brown²,

Jackson

et al. 2003

J Applied Social Pyschol

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show abstract

“…The contact hypothesis has been widely investigated in the years since Allport (1954) first formalized it through analysis of data collected in laboratory experiments (see, e.g., the studies cited in Desforges et al, 1991), in particular institutional settings (e.g., Brown and Albee, 1966), and in national or regional surveys (e.g., Ellison and Powers, 1994;Welch and Sigelman, in press). The results have been mixed: some studies have presented evidence supporting the contact hypothesis (Aberbach and Walker, 1973;Ellison and Powers, 1994;Sigelman and Welch, 1993), whereas others have presented evidence that at least partially contradicts it (Brown and Albee, 1966;Jackman and Crane, 1986;Robinson, 1980;Robinson and Preston, 1976). 1 The supportive studies most probably outnumber the contradicting studies, but whatever the approach used, most share a failing: a serious problem involving the causal mechanism is not addressed.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Test of the Racial Contact Hypothesis from a Natural Experiment: Baseball's All‐Star Voting as a Case

Hanssen

2001

Social Science Quarterly

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Objective. The contact hypothesis is difficult to test because of selectivity bias: the direction of causation between contact and attitudes cannot be definitively determined. Selectivity bias can be avoided given a sample for which, for reasons unrelated to group member attitudes, whites divide into groups that differ systematically in the amount of contact they have with blacks. This paper uses a natural experiment that provides such a test: All-Star voting by baseball players versus fans. The average white player has more substantial and persistent contact with African Americans (as teammates) than does the average white fan, and the contact hypothesis would thus predict that players will discriminate less than fans, all else equal. Methods. Logistic, ordinary-least-squares (OLS), and tobit regressions are used to analyze the effect of candidate race on votes received, controlling for other factors. Results. No evidence is found of a differential in discrimination related to the amount of contact, although discrimination by both groups is found to decline between 1970 and 1980. Conclusion. The contact hypothesis is not supported; exogenous variations in the amount of interracial contact are not associated with difference in levels of discrimination.One of the most influential propositions in the sociology of race relations is the contact hypothesis, which posits that increased contact between races reduces prejudice. It was cited in the social science brief in the famous Brown v. Board of Education (1954) case and underlay many of the desegregating policies that followed (Stephan, 1987). According to the hypothesis, direct contact between blacks and whites provides each with more accurate information about the other than do sporadic (and often negatively biased) reports in the news or depictions in films or on television. This better information undermines negative stereotypes and replaces them with more generally positive impressions. As a result, discrimination declines.

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Equal-status interracial contact: A review and revision of the concept

Riordan

1978

International Journal of Intercultural Relations

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The Effect of Integrated Hospital Experiences on Racial Attitudes--A Discordant Note

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Teammates On and Off the Field? Contact With Black Teammates and the Racial Attitudes of White Student Athletes¹

Teammates On and Off the Field? Contact With Black Teammates and the Racial Attitudes of White Student Athletes¹

A Test of the Racial Contact Hypothesis from a Natural Experiment: Baseball's All‐Star Voting as a Case

Equal-status interracial contact: A review and revision of the concept

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The Effect of Integrated Hospital Experiences on Racial Attitudes--A Discordant Note

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Teammates On and Off the Field? Contact With Black Teammates and the Racial Attitudes of White Student Athletes1

Teammates On and Off the Field? Contact With Black Teammates and the Racial Attitudes of White Student Athletes1

A Test of the Racial Contact Hypothesis from a Natural Experiment: Baseball&apos;s All‐Star Voting as a Case

Equal-status interracial contact: A review and revision of the concept

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Teammates On and Off the Field? Contact With Black Teammates and the Racial Attitudes of White Student Athletes¹

Teammates On and Off the Field? Contact With Black Teammates and the Racial Attitudes of White Student Athletes¹

A Test of the Racial Contact Hypothesis from a Natural Experiment: Baseball's All‐Star Voting as a Case